џWPC… ћџ2?џџBJџџ% <њCourier3|X дааб#&aє\  PŽ6G;rъ&P#бџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџTimes New RomanTimes New Roman Bold PŽ6G;єPўўўўўўўџўџџџўџџўџџџџџџўўўџџџџџџџџџџџpX@Times New RomanTimes New Roman BoldTimes New Roman Italicu&P#бћџ2,џџqK‰ ZдџџCourierTimes New Roman"‚i~з'џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ^09CSSŒ‚999S]+9+/SSSSSSSSSS//]]]I™xnnxg]xx9?xg“xx]xn]gxxxxg9/9MS9ISISI9SS//S/‚SSSS9?/SSxSSIP!PZх9+ZM999+99999999S/xIxIxIxIxI“lnIgIgIgIgI9/9/9/9/xSxSxSxSxSxSxSxSxSxSxIxSxRxSxSxS]SxIxIxInInInZnIxigIgIgIgIxSxSxSxZxSxZxS9/9S999Su]ZZxSg/gCg9g9g/xSbxSxSxSxS“xn9n9n9]?]?]?]ZgFg/gMxSxSxSxSxSxSxxZgIgIgIxSg9xS]?g9xSi+SS88WuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxN„\gFr>„\t0\\=!=W€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNBnnBT\>Q\\\\А\3;‹‹\7;‹‹\‹7>>QQ\З??nЗ\\Дp‹ЗBЗnnBm™™ggЗ>Q\šЗ7"yyyy‹‹ЉЗЗ\‹Зnjc\gДnnЗ\"‚i~з'џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ^5>I\\š>>>\g0>03\\\\\\\\\\33gggQЉ„yy„rg„„>F„rЁ„„g„ygr„„Ќ„„r>3>T\>Q\Q\Q>\\33\3\\\\>F3\\„\\QX%Xcх>0cT>>>0>>>>>>>>\3„Q„Q„Q„Q„QЁwyQrQrQrQrQ>3>3>3>3„\„\„\„\„\„\„\„\„\„\„Q„\„Z„\„\„\g\„Q„Q„QyQyQycyQ„trQrQrQrQ„\„\„\„c„\„c„\>3>\>>>\€gcc„\r3rIr>r>r3„\l„\„\„\„\Ё„y>y>y>gFgFgFgcrMr3rT„\„\„\„\„\„\Ќ„„crQrQrQ„\r>„\gFr>„\t0\\=!=W€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNBnnBT\>Q\\\\А\3;‹‹\7;‹‹\‹7>>QQ\З??nЗ\\Дp‹ЗBЗnnBm™™ggЗ>Q\šЗ7"yyyy‹‹ЉЗЗ\‹Зnjc\gДnnЗ\ћџ2aK5K€KЫK"‚i~з'џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ^5>g\\Зš>>>\g0>03\\\\\\\\\\>>ggg\Ќ„y„„yrF\yЌ„r„gy„„З„„y>3>j\>\gQgQ>\g3>g3šg\ggQF>g\„\\QI(I_х>0_j>>>0>>>>>>\>g3„\„\„\„\„\З„„QyQyQyQyQD3D3D3D3„g\\\\„g„g„g„g„\„\„g\\„\„\pg„\„\„\„Q„Q„_„Q„ˆyQyQyQyQ\\\_\gjF3FgF>Fg•g__gy3ySy>yIy3„g„„g„g\\Ж„„Q„Q„QgFgFgFg_y^y>yj„g„g„g„g„g„gЗ„„_yQyQyQ„gy>„ggFy>„\†0\\=2=W€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNBnnBa\>\\\\\А\7>‹‹\7>ˆˆ\‹7>>\\\З??nЗ\\Зp‹ЗBЗnnBs™™ggЗ>\\šЗ7"yyyy‹‹ЉЗЗ\‹Зnlc\gДnnЗ\"‚i~з'џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ^'-5CCph---CK#-#%CCCCCCCCCC%%KKK;{`XX`SK``-3`Su``K`XKS``}``S-%-=C-;C;C;-CC%%C%hCCCC-3%CC`CC;@@Hх-#H=---#--------C%`;`;`;`;`;uWX;S;S;S;S;-%-%-%-%`C`C`C`C`C`C`C`C`C`C`;`C`A`C`C`CKC`;`;`;X;X;XHX;`TS;S;S;S;`C`C`C`H`C`H`C-%-C---C]KHH`CS%S5S-S-S%`CO`C`C`C`Cu`X-X-X-K3K3K3KHS8S%S=`C`C`C`C`C`C}``HS;S;S;`CS-`CK3S-`CT#CC,,W]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxN0PP0=C-;CCCC€C%+eeC(+eeCe(--;;C…..P…CCƒQe…0…PP0OooKK…-;Cp…("XXXXee{……Ce…PMHCKƒPP…C"‚i~з'џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ^09]SSЇŒ999S]+9+/SSSSSSSSSS99]]]Sxnxxng‚‚?S‚nx‚g‚x]nxxЇxxn9/9aS9S]I]I9S]/9]/Œ]S]]I?9]SxSSIC%CWх9+Wa999+999999S9]/xSxSxSxSxSЇxxInInInInI>/>/>/>/x]‚S‚S‚S‚Sx]x]x]x]xSxSx]€S‚SxSxSf]xSxSxSxIxIxWxIx{nInInInI‚S‚S‚S‚W‚S‚]‚a?/?]?9?]‡]WW‚]n/nKn9nCn/x]xx]x]‚S‚SЅxxIxIxI]?]?]?]WnUn9nax]x]x]x]x]x]ЇxxWnInInIx]n9x]]?n9xSz+SS8-8WuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxN%7777777777>>>0eOIIOD>OO%*ODaOO>OI>DOOgOOD%%37%07070%777V7777%*77O77055;х%;3%%%%%%%%%%%7O0O0O0O0O0aHI0D0D0D0D0%%%%O7O7O7O7O7O7O7O7O7O7O0O7O6O7O7O7>7O0O0O0I0I0I;I0OED0D0D0D0O7O7O7O;O7O;O7%%7%%%7M>;;O7DD,D%D%DO7AO7O7O7O7aOI%I%I%>*>*>*>;D.DD3O7O7O7O7O7O7gOO;D0D0D0O7D%O7>*D%O7E77%%WMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxN(BB(37%07777j7#TT7!#TT7T!%%007n&&Bn77lCTn(nBB(A\\>>n%07\n!"IIIITTenn7TnB@;7>lBBn7ћџ2Ov“p kykфa8DocumentgСDocument Style StyleК ŠТXТТX` ` ТЦа ` Ц a4DocumentgDocument Style StyleиЊжССУ УУУ.ФФ Ф Фa6DocumentgСDocument Style Style НГG†ТXТЦа Ц a5DocumentgСDocument Style Style }Б­ТXТЦ(#Ц ћџ2ЊЅv&tœša2DocumentgDocument Style Style<ёo Ч д ‰?Ш дУ УиA.и УУзззз Ф ФФФa7DocumentgСDocument Style Styley§†ТXТТX` ` ТЦ(#` Ц BibliogrphyСBibliographyЌ‹†:ТXТС€АА СЦ(#Ц a1Right ParСRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers:`šSС@  СиI.и ƒС€АА СТXТЦ(#Ц ћџ2‡ Ѓм Ї Ќ& Евa2Right ParСRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers C§і ССС@ј` СиA.и ƒС€СТА` ` ТЦ(#` Ц a3DocumentgDocument Style Style BН Кb д ‰?Ш дССУ Уи‚1.и зззз Ф Фa3Right ParСRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers Lу!З ССС` ` СС@P И Си1.и ƒС€` ` СТИ И ТЦ(#И Ц a4Right ParСRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers U—…jССС` ` ССИ И СС@Ј Сиa.и ƒС€И И СТ` ТЦ(#Ц ћџ2щ# ПЙ Шx!а@"й#a5Right ParСRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers _oуССС` ` ССИ И СССС@ˆhСи(1)и ƒС€СТИ hh#ТЦ(#hЦ a6Right ParСRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbershЮССС` ` ССИ И ССССhh#СС@рР$Си(a)и ƒС€hh#СТРР(ТЦ(#РЦ a7Right ParСRight-Aligned Paragraph NumberspfJССС` ` ССИ И ССССhh#ССРР(СС@А*Сиi)и ƒС€РР(СТh-ТЦ(#Ц a8Right ParСRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersyW"3!ССС` ` ССИ И ССССhh#ССРР(СС-СС@p/Сиa)и ƒС€-СТРpp2ТЦ(#pЦ ћџ2љ&$а%‡ы%‡r&Tech InitInitialize Technical StyleЈ. kвŒ I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a) 1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 ўTechnicalŒвййa1DocumentgDocument Style Style\КЬs0йй д zNШЅдСр8ьFСУУУ Уззи€I.и ййййззƒ ФФФ Фa5TechnicalTechnical Document Style)WйDОССУ Уи„(1)и . Ф Фa6TechnicalTechnical Document Style)—рDТССУ Уи…(a)и . Ф Фћџ2ш)Ў+'Їй'І€(Т&)a2TechnicalTechnical Document Style<6ѓшэ д ‰?Ш дУ УиA.и УУззззФФ ССФ Фa3TechnicalTechnical Document Style9WЂg д –2Ш дУ Уи‚1.и зззз ССФ Фa4TechnicalTechnical Document Style8bvЂ{д –2 дУ Уиƒa.и зззз ССФ Фa1TechnicalTechnical Document StyleFВш!< д ‰?Ш дУУУ Уззи€I.и ййййзз ФФССФ Фћџ2]0†*† *3&+Y,a7TechnicalTechnical Document Style(@DЦССУ Уи†i)и . Ф Фa8TechnicalTechnical Document Style(рDЫССУ Уи‡a)и . Ф ФDoc InitInitialize Document StyleџЭzЅз  зд 0*0*0*ААУ д вŒ I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a) I. 1. A. a.(1)(a) i) a)DocumentgŒвййPleadingHeader for Numbered Pleading PaperЌE!nЙаШаа ш ш аеŒШšтаШаа ААXА аааXА` И hРpШ xа (#€%и'0*ˆ,р.813ш5@8˜:№Q7КR8РМRtoatoa5шоаааа` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџмџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџАмааггггаамџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ` И hРpШ xа (#џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџмАааcaptioncaption6;1ааб#XPє\  PŽ6QXP#бггггб#єCє\  PŽ6QєP#б_Equation Caption_Equation Caption711б#XPє\  PŽ6QXP#бггггб#єCє\  PŽ6QєP#бendnote referenceendnote reference844б#XPє\  PŽ6QXP#бггУУФФггб#єCє\  PŽ6QєP#бћџ2ќZ9ŒЎSџџ,:TKfVKБXfootnote referencefootnote reference94б#XPє\  PŽ6QXP#бггУУ"џџџџџџ‚віџџн*џџџџџџџџџџџџ^09MVS…899V^+^+0VVVVVVVVVV00^^^L”xir{icx{8Aui—{x`xoYi{xxxl889SS8JSJSJ8SS..S.‚SSSS>A.SSxSSJR"RЇNOdxSxS8JSVSS””SS‡‡S;88VVS”++ЇЇSS™fЇSЇSxSc‹‹]]Ћ8VSЩ;"xxЇЇЇSxЇЇx””ЇЇqSх]^^^z0^88^^^z„xzzzЉЉggГx8ЇE]S^/zU*FJSvˆЉЇЇЉЉggГxxxxx„zzzzKxЇ„„„ЇЇggqЇЇЇЇU^ЇЇ”‘Ї^^zxxxxzЇzЇЇЇK|lr]f]oJiSfM‚`xJ.+fS{S—c|YoS‹`x^_^eSSiJxJofx]‚fff|i‚8S‹xxf`l‚rf88SSS]"‚i~з'џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ^"(22TN"""28"2222222222888,\HBBH>8HH"&H>XHH8HB8>HH^HH>"".2",2,2,"222N2222"&22H22,006х"6."""""""""""2H,H,H,H,H,XAB,>,>,>,>,""""H2H2H2H2H2H2H2H2H2H2H,H2H1H2H2H282H,H,H,B,B,B6B,H?>,>,>,>,H2H2H2H6H2H6H2""2"""2F866H2>>(>">">H2;H2H2H2H2XHB"B"B"8&8&8&86>*>>.H2H2H2H2H2H2^HH6>,>,>,H2>"H28&>"H2?22!!WFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxN$<<$.2",2222`2 LL2 LL2L"",,2d""M\\š>>>\}0>03\\\\\\\\\\>>}}}\Љrry„rr„„>Qygšy„r„r\g„ršrggF3FM\>\\Q\Q3\\33Q3„\\\\FF3\QyQQFI3Icх>0cM>>>0>>>>>>\>\3r\r\r\r\r\ЁyyQrQrQrQrQ>3>3>3>3y\„\„\„\„\„\„\„\„\gQr\„\„\„\gQ„\r\r\r\r\yQyQycyQ„nrQrQrQrQ„\„\„\„c„\„c„\>3>\>>>\‹\ccyQg3gBg>g;g3y\jy\y\„\„\ЌyrFrFrF\F\F\FccgBg3gM„\„\„\„\„\„\šygcgFgFgF„\g>y\\Fg>g\n0\\=(=W€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddNBnnB_\F\\\\\Д\3;‹‹\7;‹‹\‹7>>gg\Ё??nЗ\\Дp‹ЗBЗnnBb‹‹\\Ё>g\šЗ7"yyyy‹‹ЉЗЗ\‹Зnjc\}ДnnЗ\џўўўџџџџџџџџџџџЂ"H5!,iћ,5є\  PŽ6G;,Pўўўўўўўџўџџџўџџўџџџџџџўўўџџџџџџџџџџџ\#{,W80,%0єWє*f9 xŽr G;єXўўўўўўўџџџџџўџџўџџџџџџўўўџџџџџџџџџџџ’%y.V80,<UуєVє\  PŽЂАAєPўўўўўўўџўџџџўџџўџўџџџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџ\џџ‡0_=5,%ЪЯ&_є*f9 xŽr G;&XўўўўўўўџџџџџўџџўџџџџџџўўўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџŽ pцЊў ў Times New Roman+Siџџџџhange the size of the document window-AppSize;Change the size of WordPerfect windOmniPage #1лPage :сааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџRџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџаааааИаа р~† аТТOmniPage #2л;pааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџx№\ѕџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџаааааJаа рsу аТТOmniPage #4лџџџџџ<рКааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџxЄIџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ ааааацаа рP’ аТТћџ2Ii=]еc>]2e?]f@]ьgOmniPage #3л=@­ааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџxЊЋџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ ааааацаа рU- аТТOmniPage #7л>…5ааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџЎиџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџаааааЭаа р­ аТТOmniPage #5лџџџџџ?роааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџВAџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџаааааЭаа рВ˜ аТТOmniPage #6л@^kааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџx›џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџаааааЭаа рZA аТТћџ2яnA]{iB]иjC]5lD]’mOmniPage #8лA@:ааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџЊhџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџаааааЭаа рЈt аТТOmniPage #25лpetiBВtааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџц?џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџаааааыаа рфœ аТТOmniPage #26лCWааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџМ.џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџаааааЭаа рМЊ аТТOmniPage #51ллаD5žааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџx№џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџааааа_аа рP3' аТТћџ2•tE]!oF]~pG]лqH]8sOmniPage #52лEcѓааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ\Ќ!џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ ааааацаа рY, аТТOmniPage #76лллFааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџъѓџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџааааа№аа рщц аТТOmniPage #77лGaааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџšЖџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџаааааШаа р–$ аТТOmniPage #10л+P#HmДааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџш_џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџаааааыаа рфy аТТћџ2;zI]ЧtJ]$vK]wL]оxOmniPage #12лltloIN\ааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџпXџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџааааацаа рпƒ аТТOmniPage #15лWTC J] ааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџЫ~џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџааааацаа рЫ[ аТТOmniPage #17лPŽKW\ааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџн@џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџааааацаа ркœ аТТOmniPage #18лmeriLњааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџxЂіџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ ааааацаа рžт аТТћџ2сM]mzN]Ъ{O]'}P]„~OmniPage #20лhe CMєвааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџЖKџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџааааацаа рВ аТТOmniPage #23л N<ЈааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџШўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџааааацаа рЦн аТТOmniPage #28лџOЙћааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџфЙџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџааааацаа рф" аТТOmniPage #30л#%P[Јааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџђ–џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџаааааыаа рюF аТТћџ2pQ]€џџіџџ5Zџџў.OmniPage #33люF QбпааџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџівџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџаааааШаа рѓ  аТТћџ2\Ђџџ 6џџy]ў„ЂYy.X80,QwєXє\  PŽ6G;єPўўўўўўџџџџџџўџџџџџџўўўџџџџџџџџџџџЂZ‘7jC:,’…Xjє\  PŽ6G;XPўўўўўўўџўџџџўџџўџџџџџџўўўџџџџџџџџџџџЂ[…2a=5,rъ&aє\  PŽ6G;&Pўўўўўўџ џџџџџўџџџџџџўўўџџџџџџџџџџџр\…2e=5,d[&eє4  pŽ–ТG;&ўўўўўўўџўџџџџџџўџџџџџџўўўџџџџџџџџџџџЂ]a$G,',+Gє\  PŽ6G;Pўўўўўўўџўџџџўџџўџџџџџџўўўџџџџџџџџџџџр^y.\80,GЦє\є4  pŽ–ТG;єўўўўўўўџўџџџџџџўџџџџџџўўўџџџџџџџџџџџЂ_P:% ,БJ:є\  PŽ6G;JPўўўўўўўџўџџџўџџўџџџџџџўўўџџџџџџџџџџџЂ`H5!,бx,5є\  PŽ6G;,Pўўўўўўўџўџџџўџџўџџџџџџўўўџџџџџџџџџџџ\a{,W80,%~UєWє*f9 xŽr G;єXўўўўўўўџџџџџўџџўџџџџџџўўўџџџџџџџџџџџ\џџ‡0_=5,%]Њ&_є*f9 xŽr G;&Xўўўўўўўџџџџџўџџўџџџџџџўўўџџџџџџџџџџџд …SД-да АААX аа ШШ аааеOРfд …SД-дСрџ ьіСб#Xjє\  PŽ6G;’…XP#бб#&aє\  PŽ6G;rъ&P#бУ УFederal Communications CommissionƒС`й(#CСDA 99Љ233Ф Фƒ д идкyxАˆdddyк OееQІHuд aE‡дб#Gє\  PŽ6G;+P#бQеŠб#&aє\  PŽ6G;rъ&P#бСрvьKСУ Уб#єXє\  PŽ6G;QwєP#бBefore theƒ СрьїСFederal Communications Commissionƒ д yO ЅдСр}ь"СWashington, D.C. 20554Ф Фб#&aє\  PŽ6G;rъ&P#бƒ аа д …S@Д-дIn the Matter of:СИ И жССССhh,ССРРVС)ССCSR 5297ЉE д …SД-дС€СС` ` ЋССИ И жССССhh,ССРРVС)СС д …S№Д-дMarcus Cable Associate, LLCСССhh,ССРРVС)ССWest Point, GA д …SШД-дС€СС` ` ЋССИ И жССССhh,ССРРVС)ССCUID No. GA0043 д …S Д-дFor Determination of СИ И жССССhh,ССРРVС) д …SxД-дEffective CompetitionСИ И жССССhh,ССРРVС) д …SPД-дб#Xjє\  PŽ6G;’…XP#бб#&aє\  PŽ6G;rъ&P#б д …S Д-даадя дУ УMEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDERФ Ф дlьдаадUАд д …SА Д-дС€СУ УAdopted: January 25, 1999Сhh,С Ф ФСРРVССССppЌСУ УReleased:Ф Ф У Уд 9&ЊB дJanuary д 9&ЊB д26, 1999Ф Ф By the Chief, Cable Services Bureau: аа д …SД-дУ УI.С€СINTRODUCTIONФ Ф д …SРД-  ™ЩдС€С1.С` ` ЋСMarcus Cable Associates, LLC ("Marcus") has filed a Petition for Special Relief seeking д ћЃ ]дa determination of effective competition. Marcus asserts that it is subject to local exchange carrier д …SpУ- ћЃ Ед("LEC")ж\@pїHд yOиД-дThe Communications Act defines the term "local exchange carrier" as: д  #дТX€ТТX` ` ЋТany person that is engaged in the provision of telephone exchange service or exchange д  #дaccess. Such term does not include a person insofar as such person is engaged in the д  #3дprovision of a commercial mobile service under Section 332(c), except to the extent that the Commission finds that such service should be included in the definition of such term.Ца ` Ц Communications Act РР 3(26), 47 U.S.C. РР 153(26).\ж effective competition in West Point, Georgia because of the presence of ITC Globe, Inc.'s, d/b/a/ д ћЃ ЕдKnoLogy, ("KnoLogy") cable service in that city. This petition is unopposed. For the reasons discussed below, the Petition is granted. д …SаД-  ™3дС€С2.С` ` ЋСSection 623(a)(4) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended ("Communications д ћЃ ЗдAct") allows franchising authorities to become certified to regulate basic cable service rates of cable д …S€У- ћЃ !дoperators which are not subject to effective competition.жbШ€аїHд yO№ Д-дCommunications Act РР623(a)(4), 47 U.S.C. РР543(a)(4).bж For purposes of the initial request for д ћЃ kдcertification, local franchising authorities may rely on a presumption that cable operators within their д …S0У- ћЃ дjurisdiction are not subject to effective competition unless they have actual knowledge to the contrary.жOШ0` їHд yO0$Д-д47 C.F.R. РРРР76.906, 76.910(b)(4).Oж д ћЃ ѓдCertification becomes effective 30 days from the date of filing unless the Commission finds that the д ‡SрУ- ћЃ —дauthority does not meet the statutory certification requirements.жЊЪр№ їHд {Op'Д-д47 C.F.R. РР76.910(e); УУФФ47 C.F.R. РР76.910(b); УУsee alsoФФ Communications Act РР623(a)(4), 47 U.S.C. РР543(a)(4). Њж In УУImplementation of Cable Act Reformд"р‚ ˆ,’(’(88№"д д ‡SУ- ћЃ NдProvisions of the Telecommunications Act of 1996ФФ ("Cable Act Reform Order"),жEШ‹§д yOhД-д11 FCC Rcd 5937, 5944 (1996).Eж the Commission д ћЃ ?дinstructed cable operators believing themselves subject to local exchange carrier ("LEC") effective д ћЃ ˆдcompetition under Section 623(l)(1)(D) of the Communications Act to file a petition for determination of д …SŠУ- ћЃ ддeffective competition pursuant to Section 76.7 of the Commission's rules.ж;ШŠX‹§д yO‚Д-д47 C.F.R. РР76.7.;ж Section 623(l)(1)(D) of the Communications Act provides that a cable operator is subject to effective competition where: д  #ЬдТX€ТТX` ` ЋТa local exchange carrier or its affiliate (or any multichannel video programming д  # дdistributor using the facilities of such carrier or its affiliate) offers video д  #Мдprogramming services directly to subscribers by any means (other than directЉtoЊд  #Tдhome satellite services) in the franchise area of an unaffiliated cable operator д  #њдwhich is providing cable service in that franchise area, but only if the video д …SJ Д-  #Fдprogramming services so offered in that area are comparable to the video д …S" У-дprogramming services provided by the unaffiliated cable operator in that area.жŽЪ" ш‹§д {OЊД-дCommunications Act РР623(l)(1)(D), 47 U.S.C. РР543(l)(1)(D); УУseeФФ 47 C.F.R. РР76.905(b)(4).ŽжЦа ` Ц д …Sв Д-дУ УII.С€СTHE PLEADINGSФ Ф д …S‚ Д-  ™ідС€С3.С` ` ЋС Marcus asserts that it is subject to LEC effective competition in its West Point, Georgia д …SZУ- ћЃ Јдfranchise area, where it currently serves over 1,200 subscribers.ж=ШZz‹§д yOtД-дMarcus Petition at 2.=ж With regard to the LEC affiliation д …S2У- ћЃ фдrequirement,жЂ в2 ‹§д yOмД- ћЃ ,дThe Commission determined that the definition of affiliate provided in Section 3 of the 1996 Act will apply to the LEC effective competition test: С€СThe term "affiliate" means a person that (directly or indirectly) owns or controls, is owned С€Сor controlled by, or is under common ownership or control with another person. For С€Сpurposes of this paragraph, the term "own" means to own an equity interest (or the С€Сequivalent thereof) of more than 10 percent. д {OЅ-дУУCable Act Reform OrderФФ, 11 FCC Rcd at 5944 (quoting Communications Act РР 3(1), 47 U.S.C. РР 153(1)). Ђж Marcus asserts that KnoLogy is a competing franchised cable operator affiliated with д …S Д- ћЃ тдInterstate/Valley Telephone Company, which is an incumbent local exchange carrier in portions of Georgia д …SтУ-дand Alabama.жЏ ’тЄ‹§д {O&"Д- ћЃ ДдУУIdФФ. at 1 and Exhibit A (detailing the corporate affiliation between Interstate/Valley Telephone Company and KnoLogy).Џж д …SКД-дд"Кў ˆ,p(p(88Яс"дŒд …SУ-  ™AдС€С4.С` ` ЋСWith regard to the requirement that the LEC competitor offerжЄ ( ‹§д yOhД- ћЃ УдIn implementing the LEC effective competition test on an interim basis, the Commission determined that its д ћЃ ТдpreЉexisting definition of the term "offer" as used in the three effective competition definitions set forth in the 1992 д yOјЅ- ћЃ дCable Act would apply to the LEC test. УУФФ11 FCC Rcd at 5942. The Commission previously determined that service of a multichannel video programming distributor will be deemed offered: д  #CдТX€ТТX` ` ЋТ(1) When the multichannel video programming distributor is physically able to deliver д  #5дservice to potential subscribers, with the addition of no or only minimal additional д  #йдinvestment by the distributor, in order for an individual subscriber to receive service; and д  #Кд(2) When no regulatory, technical or other impediments to households taking service exist, д  #дand potential subscribers in the franchise area are reasonably aware that they may purchase the services of the multichannel video programming distributor.Ца ` Ц 47 C.F.R. РР76.905(e). Єж video programming service д …SиД- ћЃ Їдin the unaffiliated cable operator's franchise area, Marcus asserts that KnoLogy is now providing such д …SАУ- ћЃ Фдservice to subscribers in West Point.ж= ШАИ ‹§д yOД-дMarcus Petition at 7.=ж To substantiate its claim, Marcus states that 205 of its subscribers д …SˆУ- ћЃ ‰дhave switched over to KnoLogy's cable service and that KnoLogy has a total subscriber base of 214.ж9 ЪˆH ‹§д {OpД-дУУIdФФ. at 8Љ9.9ж д …S`Д- ћЃ ˆдMarcus states that KnoLogy has heavily marketed the availability of its cable service through newspaper д …S8У- ћЃ Їдand radio ads, direct mail solicitations, and on Interstate/Valley Telephone Company telephone bills.жNЪ8к‹§д {OВД-дУУIdФФ. at 8Љ9 and Exhibits G and H.Nж д …SУ- ћЃ ˆдMarcus states that potential subscribers can even register for KnoLogy's service on its internet website.жZШl‹§д yOД-дId. at 9 and Exhibit K ("www.knology.com/valley").Zж д ћЃ —дMarcus asserts there are no regulatory, technical, or other impediments to households taking service from KnoLogy. д …S˜Д-дТX€ТТX` ` ЋТЦа ` Ц д …SpУ-  ™RдС€С5.С` ` ЋСMarcus also asserts that KnoLogy offers comparable programmingжTzpќ‹§д yO Д- ћЃ ‡дThe Commission observed that Congress specified a different definition of comparable programming for the д ћЃ дLEC effective competition test from that adopted for the first three effective competition tests enacted as part of the д ћЃ д1992 Cable Act. Although soliciting comment as to the revised definition, the Commission on an interim basis д ћЃ yдdetermined that it will apply this new comparable programming standard which "includes access to at least 12 д ћЃ Їдchannels of programming, at least some of which are television broadcasting signals" to the LEC effective д {OєЅ- ћЃ Тдcompetition test. УУSee Cable Act Reform OrderФФ at РР12 (quoting 1996 Act Conference Report, S. Rep. 104Љ230 at 170 (Feb. 1, 1996)).Tж to West Point д …SH Д- ћЃ гдsubscribers. Specifically, Marcus provides KnoLogy's channel lineЉup which demonstrates that KnoLogy д …S У- ћЃ дoffers 85 channels, 10 of which are local television broadcasting signals.жLШ >‹§д yOў#Д-дMarcus Petition at 10 and Exhibit K.Lж Marcus offers 78 channels of д …Sј У-дprogramming, 9 of which are local broadcast signals, in West Point.жFЪј Ю‹§д {Of&Д-дУУIdФФ. at 11 and Exhibit M.Fж д"а `ˆ,p(p(88Ц с"дŒд …SД-  ™дС€С6.С` ` ЋСFinally, Marcus states that it has made several pricing and marketing changes in response д ћЃ дto increased competition from KnoLogy. Marcus notes that it recently: (1) completed a $5 million system д ћЃ \дupgrade; (2) added six new cable programming services to its expanded basic package and reduced the д ћЃ Здprice for that package; (3) implemented an overall price reduction of up to 48%, with rates that are д ћЃ дguaranteed until January 2000ЉЉby reducing the prices charged for both its regulated service tiers and its д ћЃ Здunregulated premium service offerings, such as its HBO and Cinemax packages; (4) ceased charging д …SД- ћЃ дcustomers for its wire maintenance protection plan; and (5) implemented various marketing and advertising д …SшУ-дplans detailing its rate and service changes.жIЪш‹§д {OPД-дУУIdФФ. at 11Љ12 and Exhibit N.Iж д …S˜Д-дУ УIII.С€СANALYSIS Ф Ф д …SH Д-  ™КдС€С7.С` ` ЋСIn the absence of a demonstration to the contrary, cable systems are presumed not to be д …S У- ћЃ Хдsubject to effective competition as defined in the Communications Act.ж=Ш Z‹§д yOД-д47 C.F.R. РР76.906.=ж The cable operator bears the д ћЃ дburden of rebutting the presumption that such effective competition does not exist and so must provide д ћЃ Nдevidence sufficient to demonstrate that effective competition, as defined by Section 76.905 of the д …SЈ У-дCommission's rules, is present in the franchise area.жCШЈ ъ‹§д yO2Д-д47 C.F.R. РР76.911(b)(1).Cж Marcus has met this burden. д …SXД-  ™AдС€С8.С` ` ЋСWith regard to the first part of the LEC effective competition test, which requires that the д ћЃ —дalleged competitive service be provided by a LEC or its affiliate (or any multiЉchannel video programming д …SД- ћЃ Lдdistributor ("MVPD") using the facilities of such LEC or its affiliate), we find that Marcus has provided д ћЃ ‰дsufficient evidence demonstrating that KnoLogy is an MVPD affiliated with a LEC. Interstate/Valley д …SИУ- ћЃ ?дTelephone Company is a LEC as defined by the Communications Act,жZ@Иz‹§д yOвД-дThe Communications Act defines the term "local exchange carrier" as: д  #дТX€ТТX` ` ЋТany person that is engaged in the provision of telephone exchange service or exchange д  #дaccess. Such term does not include a person insofar as such person is engaged in the д  #3дprovision of a commercial mobile service under Section 332(c), except to the extent that the Commission finds that such service should be included in the definition of such term.Ца ` Ц Communications Act РР3(26), 47 U.S.C. РР153(26).Zж and KnoLogy meets the д ћЃ =дCommission's definition of MVPD. Therefore, we find that Marcus satisfies the affiliation prong of the д ћЃ LдLEC effective competition test. Marcus is unaffiliated with both Interstate/Valley Telephone Company and KnoLogy. д …S№Д-  ™PдС€С9.С` ` ЋСWe also find that Marcus has submitted sufficient evidence to show that the programming д ћЃ ˆдof KnoLogy is comparable to the programming which it provides. The channel information for KnoLogy д ћЃ ˜дsubmitted by Marcus establishes that KnoLogy offers 85 channels of programming, including 10 local broadcast channels. This satisfies the programming comparability criterion. д …S(Д-  ™3дС€С10.С` ` ЋСIn addition, we find that based on the information before us, KnoLogy is franchised to д ћЃ jдserve West Point and is offering service in Marcus's franchise area sufficient to demonstrate the presenceд"‚ ˆ,p(p(88\с"д д ћЃ .дof effective competition. KnoLogy has overbuilt Marcus' system in the City of West Point and is now д ћЃ Чдcompeting for customers with Marcus in the area at issue. We find that KnoLogy's undisputed д ћЃ дrecruitment of 214 subscribers to be a clear indicator that KnoLogy is physically able to offer service in the franchise area. д …S8Д-  ™pдС€С11.С` ` ЋСWe note that KnoLogy's extensive marketing efforts and the wide press coverage of д …SД- ћЃ ˆдKnoLogy's construction activity in the local media ensure that potential subscribers are reasonably aware д ћЃ хдof the availability of KnoLogy's service. Generally, subscribers in West Point are able to receive д ћЃ ЖдKnoLogy's cable service for only a minimal additional investment and without encountering regulatory д ћЃ дor technical obstacles. We also note that, to aggressively compete with KnoLogy's service, Marcus has д ћЃ удlowered its rates, added new channels, and upgraded its cable plant, which benefits subscribers in West д ћЃ ˆдPoint. Consistent with Congressional intent in adopting Section 623(l)(1)(d) of the Communications Act, under the circumstances we find "effective competition" to be present. д …Sа Д-дУ УIV.С€СORDERING CLAUSESФ Ф д …SЈ Д-дУ УФ Ф д …S€ Д-  ™%дС€С12.С` ` ЋСAccordingly, У УIT IS ORDEREDФ Ф that the Petition for Determination of Effective д ћЃ ‰дCompetition filed by Marcus Cable Associates, LLC, challenging the certification of the City of West д …S0Д-дPoint, in West Point, Georgia У УIS GRANTED.Ф Ф д …SрД-  ™ŒдС€С13.С` ` ЋСУ УIT IS FURTHER ORDEREDФ Ф that the certification of the City of West Point, Georgia д …SИД-дto regulate the basic cable rates of Marcus in West Point, Georgia У УIS REVOKEDФ Ф. д ‡ShД-  ™шдС€С14.С` ` ЋСThis action is taken pursuant to the interim rules adopted in УУImplementation of Cable д ‡SBД- ћЃ [дReform Provisions of the Telecommunications Act of 1996ФФ, and is without prejudice to any further action д ћЃ дtaken by the Commission in adopting final rules pursuant to the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking contained д …SєУ-дtherein.жiЪє‹§д {O\Д-дУУCable Act Reform OrderФФ, 11 FCC Rcd at 5938Љ5945, 5961Љ5964.iж д …SЄД-  ™дС€С15.С` ` ЋСThis action is taken pursuant to delegated authority under Section 0.321 of the д …S|У-дCommission's rules, as amended.ж;Ш|Z‹§д yOvД-д47 C.F.R РР0.321.;ж С€СС` ` ЋССИ И жССССhh,СFEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION д 9&ЊB д д 9&ЊB д С€СС` ` ЋССИ И жССССhh,СDeborah A. Lathen С€СС` ` ЋССИ И жССССhh,СChief, Cable Services Bureau С€С