WPCR 2BJZCourier3|j @x6X@`7X@HP LaserJet 5Si 2100M Rm.8409HPLAS5SI.PRSx  @\"RX@CourierTimes New RomanArial BoldTimes New Roman BoldUniversUnivers BoldCG TimesCG Times BoldTimes New Roman ItalicCG Times Italic` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:)"#3$:%a7TechnicalTechnical Document Style(@D i) . a8TechnicalTechnical Document Style(D a) . Doc InitInitialize Document Stylez   0*0*0*  I. A. 1. a.(1)(a) i) a) I. 1. A. a.(1)(a) i) a)DocumentgPleadingHeader for Numbered Pleading PaperE!n    X X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:a݅@  I.   X(# SubheadingSubheading"0\ E A.  Default ParaMtDefault Paragraph FontRK+7*P0_ f—+7*b#Default Paragraph FoDefault Paragraph Font$ 2/%l.&x.'l.(lf/Document 8Document 8% Document 4Document 4&  Document 6Document 6' Document 5Document 5( 25)l0*lp0+0,2Document 2Document 2) Document 7Document 7* Right Par 1Right Par 1+` hp x (#X` hp 0X` hp 0` hp x (#Right Par 2Right Par 2,` hp x (#X` hp X` hp ` hp x (#2<-lJ5.5/709Document 3Document 3- Right Par 3Right Par 3.` hp x (#X` hp 0X` hp 0` hp x (#Right Par 4Right Par 4/` hp x (#X` hp X` hp ` hp x (#Right Par 5Right Par 50` hp x (#X` hp X` hp ` hp x (#2D1B<2`>3~@4(BRight Par 6Right Par 61` hp x (#X` hp X` hp ` hp x (#Right Par 7Right Par 72` hp x (#X` hp 0X` hp 0` hp x (#Right Par 8Right Par 83` hp x (#X` hp X` hp ` hp x (#Document 1Document 14` hp x (#X` hp X` hp ` hp x (#2J5$D6$G7l>I8lITechnical 5Technical 55` hp x (#X` hp  X` hp ` hp x (#Technical 6Technical 66` hp x (#X` hp  X` hp ` hp x (#Technical 2Technical 27 Technical 3Technical 38 2 Q9$HJ:llL;$L<$NTechnical 4Technical 49` hp x (#X` hp  X` hp ` hp x (#Technical 1Technical 1: Technical 7Technical 7;` hp x (#X` hp  X` hp ` hp x (#Technical 8Technical 8<` hp x (#X` hp  X` hp ` hp x (#2Y=RQ>pS?U@Wtoc 1toc 1=` hp x (#` hp x (#toc 2toc 2>` hp x (#` ` ` hp x (#toc 3toc 3?` hp x (#` ` ` hp x (#toc 4toc 4@` hp x (#  ` hp x (#2`AYB\Cv8^D^toc 5toc 5A` hp x (#hh` hp x (#toc 6toc 6B` hp x (#` hp x (#toc 7toc 7C toc 8toc 8D` hp x (#` hp x (#2viE`FcG:eHXgtoc 9toc 9E` hp x (#` hp x (#index 1index 1F` hp x (#` ` ` hp x (#index 2index 2G` hp x (#` ` ` hp x (#toa headingtoa headingH` hp x (#` hp x (#2 oIviJljKjKlcaptioncaptionI _Equation Caption_Equation CaptionJ "i~'^'-@KKu`%--3M%-%%KKKKKKKKKK--MMMS````XSh`%K`Sp`hYh`XS`X}XXS-%-MK%KSKSK-SS%%K%uSSSS3K-SKhKKC3%3M-%MM---%------K-S%`K`K`K`K`Ku`KXKXKXKXK%%%%%%%%`ShShShShS`S`S`S`SXK`K`ShShSXK`SXS`K`K`K`K`K`M`K``XKXKXKXKhShShShShS`S`S%%-S--%ShKMM`KS%S3S-S@S%`S]`S`ShShS}`3`3`3XKXKXKXMS@S-SM`S`S`S`S`S`S}hXMSCSCSC`SS-`SXKS-XK`'CK W]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddN0PP0KK-SKKKKK30ppK-5ccKp-%%CCK--PKKPe0PP0MjjSS%CCu-"XXXXee{CePPHCMPPC"i~'^5>Xgg3>>Fj3>33gggggggggg>>jjjryr3gr{yryyyr>3>jg3grgrg>rr33g3rrrrFg>rggg\F3Fj>3jj>>>3>>>>>>g>r3ggggggygygygyg33333333rrrrrrrrryggrrrygryrgggggjgygygygygrrrrrrr33>r>>3rgjjgr3rFr>rXr3rrrrrFFFygygygyjrXr>rjrrrrrryjr\r\r\rr>rygr>yg5\g),)WddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddNBnnBgg>rgggggFBg>Ig>33\\g>>nggnBnnBirr3\\>"yyyy\nnc\jnn\2zKRoKqKst3v"i~'^09P]]x/99?a/9//]]]]]]]]]]99aaagxxxxngx/]xgxpxngxnnng9/9a]/]g]g]9gg//]/gggg?]9g]]]S?/?a9/aa999/999999]9g/x]x]x]x]x]x]n]n]n]n]////////xgggggxgxgxgxgn]x]xgggn]xgngx]x]x]x]x]xax]xxn]n]n]n]gggggxgxg//9g99/g]aax]g/g?g9gPg/xguxgxgggx?x?x?n]n]n]nagPg9gaxgxgxgxgxgxgnagSgSgSxgg9xgn]g9n]x0S]%(%WuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddNbHHHHB>NH8H>THNCNHB>HB^BB>"":88>8>8">>8X>>>>&8">8N882&&:"::"""""""""8">H8H8H8H8H8dXH8B8B8B8B8H>N>N>N>N>H>H>H>H>B8H8H>N>N>B8H>B>H8H8H8H8H8H:H8HHB8B8B8B8N>N>N>N>N>H>H>">"">N8::H8>>&>">0>H>FH>H>N>N>d^H&H&H&B8B8B8B:>0>">:H>H>H>H>H>H>^NB:>2>2>2H>>"H>B8>"B8H28WFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddN$<<$88">8888m8&$TT8"(JJ8T"228d"">d22Xd""BBBBLL\dd2Ld<<62:b< PfQ  )a [ PfQO Style 12Dutch Italics 11.5$$F )^ `> XifQ  )a [ PfQO Style 11Initial Codes for Advanced IIJ )a [ PfQK  dddn  #  [ X` hp x (#%'b, oT9 ! )^ `> XifQ ` Advanced Legal WordPerfect II Learning Guide   x )^ `> XifQ Advanced Legal WordPerfect II Learning Guide   j-n )^ `> XifQ    Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc. 1987, 1988`6 >Page  jBX )^ `> XifQ    Page ` Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc. 1987, 1988 Style 3oDutch Roman 11.5 with Margins/Tabs )a [ PfQO  ddn  # c0*b, oT9 !2m |Style 4 PSwiss 8 Point with MarginsDq Co> PfQ  dddd  #  Style 1.5Dutch Roman 11.5 Font4h )a [ PfQO  dddn Style 2Dutch Italic 11.5$ )^ `> XifQ Style 5Dutch Bold 18 Point$RH$L T~> pfQ_  )a [ PfQO 21#*Style 7Swiss 11.5$$V )ao> PfQ ]  )a [ PfQO Style 6Dutch Roman 14 Point$$N w [ PfQ   )a [ PfQO Style 10oInitial Codes for Advanced U )a [ PfQK  dddn  ##  [[ b, oT9 !b, oT9 !n )^ `> XifQ ` Advanced Legal WordPerfect Learning Guide   f )^ `> XifQ Advanced Legal WordPerfect Learning Guide   Q" )^ `> XifQ    Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc. 1987, 1988`6 >Page  QN~ )^ `> XifQ    Page ` Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc. 1987, 1988 Style 8PfInitial Codes for Beginninggi )a [ PfQK  dddn  # X` hp x (#%'b, oT9  [ &e )^ `> XifQ ` Beginning Legal WordPerfect Learning Guide   d )^ `> XifQ Beginning Legal WordPerfect Learning Guide   jH )^ `> XifQ    Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc. 1987, 1988`6 >Page  j )^ `> XifQ    Page ` Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc. 1987, 1988 2z ch~ } Style 9Initial Codes for Intermediate )a [ PfQK  dddn  # X` hp x (#%'b, oT9 Њ [ e )^ `> XifQ ` Intermediate Legal WordPerfect Learning Guide   3 )^ `> XifQ Intermediate Legal WordPerfect Learning Guide   jf )^ `> XifQ    Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc.`+ >Page  jX )^ `> XifQ    Page ` Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc. 1987, 1988 UpdateInitial Codes for Update Module )a [ PfQK  dddn  #  [ X` hp x (#%'b, oT9 !n )^ `> XifQ ` Legal WordPerfect 5.0 Update Class Learning Guide   f )^ `> XifQ Legal WordPerfect 5.0 Update Class Learning Guide   Q" )^ `> XifQ    Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc. 1987, 1988`7 CPage  jN~ )^ `> XifQ    Page ` Copyright  Portola Systems, Inc. 1987, 1988 head1 #'d#2p}wC@ #Paragraph[1]C^i1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)C -2( -Ct )B$ab 2 4  eParagraph[2]C^i1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)C -2( -Ct )B/cd` ` ` Paragraph[3]C^i1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)C -2( -Ct )B:ef` ` `  Paragraph[4]C^i1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)C -2( -Ct )BEgh` ` `  Paragraph[5]C^i1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)C -2( -Ct )BPij` ` ` hhh 2@}Paragraph[6]C^i1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)C -2( -Ct )B[kl Paragraph[7]C^i1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)C -2( -Ct )Bfmn Paragraph[8]C^i1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)C -2( -Ct )Bqop toatoa` hp x (#` hp x (#2qeendnote referenceendnote reference44#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#footnote referencefootnote reference4#XP\  P6QXP#2S&C6C^fDocument StyleNF2CC -2( -Ct )s t . 3S&C7C^fDocument StyleNF2CC -2( -Ct ) uv 2e!p4S&C8C^fDocument StyleNF2CC! -2( -Ct ) wx 5S&C9C^fDocument StyleNF2CC/ -2( -Ct )*yz   6S&C:C^fDocument StyleNF2CC= -2( -Ct ){|` ` ` 7S&C;C^fRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK -2( -Ct )8}~@  2M}!8S&C<C^fRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersY -2( -Ct )A@` ` `  ` ` ` 9S&C=C^fDocument StyleNF2CCg -2( -Ct )0    10S&C>C^fRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbersu -2( -Ct )J` ` ` @  ` ` ` 11S&C?C^fRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers -2( -Ct )S` ` `  @  2u=12S&C@C^fRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers -2( -Ct )\` ` `  @hhh hhh 13S&CAC^fRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers -2( -Ct )e` ` `  hhh@ hhh 14S&CBC^fRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers -2( -Ct )n` ` `  hhh@  15S&CCC^fRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers -2( -Ct )w` ` `  hhh@ppp ppp 2 @ 16S&CDC^fDocument StyleNF2CC -2( -Ct )F   ׃  17S&CEC^fTechnical Document StyleCC -2( -Ct )&  . 18S&CFC^fTechnical Document StyleCC -2( -Ct )&  . 19S&CGC^fTechnical Document StyleCC -2( -Ct )*    20# g!!"20S&CHC^fTechnical Document StyleCC -2( -Ct )'   21S&CIC^fTechnical Document StyleCC -2( -Ct )&   22S&CJC^fTechnical Document StyleCC -2( -Ct )4$     23S&CKC^fTechnical Document StyleCC+ -2( -Ct )&  . 2%b#}#d$$24S&CLC^fTechnical Document StyleCC9 -2( -Ct )&  . 25S&CMC^f1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)CG -2( -Ct )$ 26S&CNC^f1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)CU -2( -Ct )/` ` ` 27S&COC^f1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)Cc -2( -Ct ):` ` `  2k(%O&&'28S&CPC^f1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)Cq -2( -Ct )E` ` `  29S&CQC^f1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)C -2( -Ct )P` ` ` hhh 30S&CRC^f1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)C -2( -Ct )[ 31S&CSC^f1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)C -2( -Ct )f 2+(g)5*v +32S&CTC^f1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a)C -2( -Ct )q _Equation CaC^f_Equation CaptionF2CC -2( -Ct );;#PP##PP#endnote refeC^fendnote referenceF2CC -2( -Ct )>>#PP##PP#heading 4heading 4 2-v+v',v,v-heading 5heading 5 heading 6heading 6 heading 7heading 7 heading 8heading 8 2e/v-v1.Z.d/endnote textendnote text footnote textfootnote text 1, 2, 3,?@65NumbersO@/"=(1*1÷$t ?.E1.A, B,t ?@65Uppercase Letters1 ?*1÷$t ?.E .2B1p/q0ex0e033`O5hT(G2PDocument Style&^aO5h.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>` ` ` 34`O5iT(G2PDocument Style&^aO5i.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>  . 35`O5jT(G2PDocument Style&^aO5j.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>  36`O5kT(G2PDocument Style&^aO5k.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>  23t1p2w2 337`O5lT(G2PDocument Style&^aO5l.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>*   38`O5mT(G2PDocument Style&^aO5m.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>` ` ` 39`O5nT(G2PRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>8@   40`O5oT(G2PRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>A@` `  ` ` ` 2r63k45541`O5pT(G2PDocument Style&^aO5p.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>0    42`O5qT(G2PRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>J` ` @  ` `  43`O5rT(G2PRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>S` `  @  44`O5sT(G2PRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>\` `  @hh# hhh 296c7+8845`O5tT(G2PRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>e` `  hh#@( hh# 46`O5uT(G2PRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>n` `  hh#(@- ( 47`O5vT(G2PRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersK+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>w` `  hh#(-@pp2 -ppp 48`O5wT(G2PDocument Style&^aO5w.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>F *  ׃  2#<9m::;49`O5xT(G2PTechnical Document Stylex.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>&  . 50`O5yT(G2PTechnical Document Styley.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>&  . 51`O5zT(G2PTechnical Document Stylez.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>*    52`O5{T(G2PTechnical Document Style{.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>'   2>U<<=>53`O5|T(G2PTechnical Document Style|.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>&   54`O5}T(G2PTechnical Document Style}.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>4$     55`O5~T(G2PTechnical Document Style~.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>&  . 56`O5T(G2PTechnical Document Style.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>&  . 2 A}>R??m@57`O5T(G2P1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a).K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>$ 58`O5T(G2P1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a).K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>/` ` ` 59`O5T(G2P1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a).K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>:` ` `  60`O5T(G2P1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a).K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>E` ` `  2#D=AABYC61`O5T(G2P1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a).K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>P` ` ` hhh 62`O5T(G2P1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a).K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>[ 63`O5T(G2P1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a).K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>f 64`O5T(G2P1. a. i. (1) (a) (i) 1) a).K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>q 2GUDKEAF=G65`O5T(G2PDefault Paragraph Font5.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>OO#P P##P P#66`O5T(G2P_Equation Caption^aO5.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>OO#PP##PP#67`O5T(G2Pendnote reference^aO5.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>RR#PP##PP#68`O5T(G2Pfootnote reference^aO5.K+&,$@`O5Bȗ+&>R#PP#27footnote text _5dK+b70t _5xŗ+tZP70 _5(_>7Document Style _5dK+b70t _5xŗ+t` ` ` ",tB^ f ^;C]ddCCCdCCCCddddddddddCCdxN`xoCCCddCdoYoYFdo8Co8odooYNCodddYdddd4dddddCddddddddo8dddddYYYYYN8N8N8N8oddddooooddpddddxodddXXddXddXdddddooL8doddNopddo8PdN8ppoddXXdpLoNpLodPDdopoopodXYXodoodddCddCCCWxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNdddCdUUddddddFddddFCCssd44ddxxddd~ooCsdF"dsd9dCCxCddoddCdYds`xUvdddCCCCxoxoYNYYYN8YooYdYxxdxddYYxoxxxNdxYxxxxCCdddddddxCxdYC\   pxtll\tll@\@\`L"i~'^:DTddDDDd4D48ddddddddddDDd||||DXp||dp||ppL8LTdDddXdX8dd88X8ddddLL8dXXXLP8PlD4lTDDD4DDDDDDdDd8|d|d|d|d|dX|X|X|X|XD8D8D8D8dddddddddpX|ddddpXd|d|d|d|dXXlXx|X|X|X|XdddldldD8DdDDDddllXp8pHpDp@p8dtdddd|L|L|LdLdLdLllpHp8pTddddddplpLpLpLdpDddLpDpdx4ddC,CWddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddNHxxHhdLdddddd8@d<@d<DDppdDDxddxHxxHkddDpd<"dxtldxxd2t f nWf bb:n",tB^ f ^GPoxxPPPxPPPPxxxxxxxxxxPPkP]PPPxxPkxkxkPxxCCxCxxxxY]Cxxxxkkxkx>xxxxxPxxxxxxxxxCkkkkkkkkkkPCPCPCPCxxxxxxxxxxkxxxxxxjxjjjxxjxxjxxxxxxxPCxxxxPxxxxCVxCCxxxxxVVx[[[xVCxxxxxxxxjjjxxxxxxPxxPPPWxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNxxxPkbbxxxxxxTxxxxTPP||x>>xxxxxP|x!T"x}xExPPPxxxxPxkxofxkkPPPPk]kxkPCkkxkxxxkkPxkPPxxxxxxxPxkP8D%nZZB 3nMnMn..s[",tB^ f ^GPoxxPPPxPPPPxxxxxxxxxxPPx]sPPPxxPxkkTxCPCxk]Pxxxkxxxx>xxxxxPxxxxxxxxCxxxxxkkkkk]C]C]C]Cxxxxxxxxxxxxxjjxxjxxjxxxxx[Cxxx]xxC`x]Cxxjjx[][x`RxxjkjxxxxPxxPPPWxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNxxxPxffxxxxxxTxxxxTPPx>>xxxxxPxT"xxExPPPxxxxPxkxsfxxxPPPPk]kkk]Ckkxkxxxkk]xkPPxxxxxxxPxkP8D%nZZB 3nMnMn..s[<?xxx,x6X@`7X@7jC:,ynXj\  P6G;XPfK,',K2pPG;+h=5,&h2pPG;&'^80,^2pPG;M9!,3,92pPG;,S,S2pPG;,,ь 2pPG; 7nC:,#   ??       ?  ?          ?     ?   ?   ?            ?? ? ??  ? ?   ?            ?        ??  ?  ?    &  '  '        ?       ?            ??  ??  ? ? ?   ?    ?                        ?   ??   ?   ? ?ǀ   ?ǀ  ? ?À  ? ?À   ?À   ?À   ?         ?         ?  ?  π       ?   ?            ?  À ?        ? ? ?      ?    8?       ? ? ~  ?  ? ?  ? ?  ?    ?  ? ??  ?   ?   ? ??  ?   ?  ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?  ? ?   ?   ?   ?  ?  ? ?? ? ? ??? ~?   ? ? ? ?? ? ??  ? ? ??  ?  ?  ?À? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ??  ??  ???  ?  ?  ? ?? ??  ?  ?  >?  ?  ?? - ?: 9 4ǀ? ?4 4 4? 4 4 4 4 5? 5 4 ?4 ?4 5 5 5 ?1? ?1 ?1 ?1 ?0 1x 1 / /? ?/π / / / .? ??.? ?. <. - - - --,,?,,-?----?+?* ??* ?+,>,,,?,?,?,--.?.?.?.%?À%%%%%%?%%?%?%?%&&'''?'?'?''?'())))x)?)?)?))*+++ǀX? π? ? ??? ##?&#&#? %#0%#x?%#?x%#?|%#?%#?%#?%#?%#%#%#%# ?%# $# ?$#?$# $# ?$# $#$#$#$#$#$#$#$###??####?##?##?#$ ?#$'$?'$'*'*'+'++XC@U =X7'*&'&'& && ?%% $#?$" $" #" ?#" ?# ?À" ?"  ?"  "  " ? ?" ? ?" ? ?" " ? ?  ?? ?  ?  ? ?!?!?!??!~???!?!????????????|??? ??  ???? ? ? ???????8?x?x? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ? ? ?  ? ? ?  ??  ?  ?? 0? ?? 8 ?? 8?? ?? ??? ???   @ ? ? ? ! ?!$$?$?$??#??#?8?##?# ??# ?# ?% %~&''?''?'?'''?'*)*?*p*|*~*?*?*?À**?----CCC C ?C ?C E E E ?E E E ?EEEE?EDEEEG?GGG G G ?8 6 6 6 ?6? ?5 5 7 7 7       ?   ?  ?  ? ?? ?  ? ?  ? ?  ?? ??  ?? ??  ?? ??  ?? ?  ??   ?   ?   ?          ǀ      ?              ?  ? ? ?  ?? ? À8 ? ?         ?  ? ?   ?       ?  ?À   À      ??    ? ?? ?   ?    ?  ?  À    ??    ?  ?   ? ?           ?      ? ?        ?     >   ??       ?  ?          ?     ?   ?   ?            ?? ? ??  ? ?   ?            ?        ??  ?  ?    &  '  '        ?       ?            ??  ??  ? ? ?   ?    ?                        ?   ??   ?   ? ?ǀ   ?ǀ  ? ?À  ? ?À   ?À   ?À   ?         ?         ?  ?  π       ?   ?            ?  À ?        ? ? ?      ?    8?       ? ? ~  ?  ? ?  ? ?  ?    ?  ? ??  ?   ?   ? ??  ?   ?  ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?  ? ?   ?   ?   ?  ?  ? ?? ? ? ??? ~?   ? ? ? ?? ? ??  ? ? ??  ?  ?  ?À? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ??  ??  ???  ?  ?  ? ?? ??  ?  ?  >?  ?  ?? - ?: 9 4ǀ? ?4 4 4? 4 4 4 4 5? 5 4 ?4 ?4 5 5 5 ?1? ?1 ?1 ?1 ?0 1x 1 / /? ?/π / / / .? ??.? ?. <. - - - --,,?,,-?----?+?* ??* ?+,>,,,?,?,?,--.?.?.?.%?À%%%%%%?%%?%?%?%&&'''?'?'?''?'())))x)?)?)?))*+++ǀX? π? ? ??? ##?&#&#? %#0%#x?%#?x%#?|%#?%#?%#?%#?%#%#%#%# ?%# $# ?$#?$# $# ?$# $#$#$#$#$#$#$#$###??####?##?##?#$ ?#$'$?'$'*'*'+'++XC@U =X7'*&'&'& && ?%% $#?$" $" #" ?#" ?# ?À" ?"  ?"  "  " ? ?" ? ?" ? ?" " ? ?  ?? ?  ?  ? ?!?!?!??!~???!?!????????????|??? ??  ???? ? ? ???????8?x?x? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ? ? ?  ? ? ?  ??  ?  ?? 0? ?? 8 ?? 8?? ?? ??? ???   @ ? ? ? ! ?!$$?$?$??#??#?8?##?# ??# ?# ?% %~&''?''?'?'''?'*)*?*p*|*~*?*?*?À**?----CCC C ?C ?C E E E ?E E E ?EEEE?EDEEEG?GGG G G ?8 6 6 6 ?6? ?5 5 7 7 7       ?   ?  ?  ? ?? ?  ? ?  ? ?  ?? ??  ?? ??  ?? ??  ?? ?  ??   ?   ?   ?          ǀ      ?              ?  ? ? ?  ?? ? À8 ? ?         ?  ? ?   ?       ?  ?À   À      ??    ? ?? ?   ?    ?  ?  À    ??    ?  ?   ? ?           ?      ? ?        ?     >   ??       ?  ?          ?     ?   ?   ?            ?? ? ??  ? ?   ?            ?        ??  ?  ?    &  '  '        ?       ?            ??  ??  ? ? ?   ?    ?                        ?   ??   ?   ? ?ǀ   ?ǀ  ? ?À  ? ?À   ?À   ?À   ?         ?         ?  ?  π       ?   ?            ?  À ?        ? ? ?      ?    8?       ? ? ~  ?  ? ?  ? ?  ?    ?  ? ??  ?   ?   ? ??  ?   ?  ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?  ? ?   ?   ?   ?  ?  ? ?? ? ? ??? ~?   ? ? ? ?? ? ??  ? ? ??  ?  ?  ?À? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ??  ??  ???  ?  ?  ? ?? ??  ?  ?  >?  ?  ?? - ?: 9 4ǀ? ?4 4 4? 4 4 4 4 5? 5 4 ?4 ?4 5 5 5 ?1? ?1 ?1 ?1 ?0 1x 1 / /? ?/π / / / .? ??.? ?. <. - - - --,,?,,-?----?+?* ??* ?+,>,,,?,?,?,--.?.?.?.%?À%%%%%%?%%?%?%?%&&'''?'?'?''?'())))x)?)?)?))*+++ǀX? π? ? ??? ##?&#&#? %#0%#x?%#?x%#?|%#?%#?%#?%#?%#%#%#%# ?%# $# ?$#?$# $# ?$# $#$#$#$#$#$#$#$###??####?##?##?#$ ?#$'$?'$'*'*'+'++XC@U =X7'*&'&'& && ?%% $#?$" $" #" ?#" ?# ?À" ?"  ?"  "  " ? ?" ? ?" ? ?" " ? ?  ?? ?  ?  ? ?!?!?!??!~???!?!????????????|??? ??  ???? ? ? ???????8?x?x? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ? ? ?  ? ? ?  ??  ?  ?? 0? ?? 8 ?? 8?? ?? ??? ???   @ ? ? ? ! ?!$$?$?$??#??#?8?##?# ??# ?# ?% %~&''?''?'?'''?'*)*?*p*|*~*?*?*?À**?----CCC C ?C ?C E E E ?E E E ?EEEE?EDEEEG?GGG G G ?8 6 6 6 ?6? ?5 5 7 7 7       ?   ?  ?  ? ?? ?  ? ?  ? ?  ?? ??  ?? ??  ?? ??  ?? ?  ??   ?   ?   ?          ǀ      ?              ?  ? ? ?  ?? ? À8 ? ?         ?  ? ?   ?       ?  ?À   À      ??    ? ?? ?   ?    ?  ?  À    ??    ?  ?   ? ?           ?      ? ?        ?     >   ??       ?  ?          ?     ?   ?   ?            ?? ? ??  ? ?   ?            ?        ??  ?  ?    &  '  '        ?       ?            ??  ??  ? ? ?   ?    ?                        ?   ??   ?   ? ?ǀ   ?ǀ  ? ?À  ? ?À   ?À   ?À   ?         ?         ?  ?  π       ?   ?            ?  À ?        ? ? ?      ?    8?       ? ? ~  ?  ? ?  ? ?  ?    ?  ? ??  ?   ?   ? ??  ?   ?  ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?  ? ?   ?   ?   ?  ?  ? ?? ? ? ??? ~?   ? ? ? ?? ? ??  ? ? ??  ?  ?  ?À? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ??  ??  ???  ?  ?  ? ?? ??  ?  ?  >?  ?  ?? - ?: 9 4ǀ? ?4 4 4? 4 4 4 4 5? 5 4 ?4 ?4 5 5 5 ?1? ?1 ?1 ?1 ?0 1x 1 / /? ?/π / / / .? ??.? ?. <. - - - --,,?,,-?----?+?* ??* ?+,>,,,?,?,?,--.?.?.?.%?À%%%%%%?%%?%?%?%&&'''?'?'?''?'())))x)?)?)?))*+++ǀX? π? ? ??? ##?&#&#? %#0%#x?%#?x%#?|%#?%#?%#?%#?%#%#%#%# ?%# $# ?$#?$# $# ?$# $#$#$#$#$#$#$#$###??####?##?##?#$ ?#$'$?'$'*'*'+'++XC@U =X7'*&'&'& && ?%% $#?$" $" #" ?#" ?# ?À" ?"  ?"  "  " ? ?" ? ?" ? ?" " ? ?  ?? ?  ?  ? ?!?!?!??!~???!?!????????????|??? ??  ???? ? ? ???????8?x?x? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ? ? ?  ? ? ?  ??  ?  ?? 0? ?? 8 ?? 8?? ?? ??? ???   @ ? ? ? ! ?!$$?$?$??#??#?8?##?# ??# ?# ?% %~&''?''?'?'''?'*)*?*p*|*~*?*?*?À**?----CCC C ?C ?C E E E ?E E E ?EEEE?EDEEEG?GGG G G ?8 6 6 6 ?6? ?5 5 7 7 7       ?   ?  ?  ? ?? ?  ? ?  ? ?  ?? ??  ?? ??  ?? ??  ?? ?  ??   ?   ?   ?          ǀ      ?              ?  ? ? ?  ?? ? À8 ? ?         ?  ? ?   ?       ?  ?À   À      ??    ? ?? ?   ?    ?  ?  À    ??    ?  ?   ? ?           ?      ? ?        ?     >   ??       ?  ?          ?     ?   ?   ?            ?? ? ??  ? ?   ?            ?        ??  ?  ?    &  '  '        ?       ?            ??  ??  ? ? ?   ?    ?                        ?   ??   ?   ? ?ǀ   ?ǀ  ? ?À  ? ?À   ?À   ?À   ?         ?         ?  ?  π       ?   ?            ?  À ?        ? ? ?      ?    8?       ? ? ~  ?  ? ?  ? ?  ?    ?  ? ??  ?   ?   ? ??  ?   ?  ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?  ? ?   ?   ?   ?  ?  ? ?? ? ? ??? ~?   ? ? ? ?? ? ??  ? ? ??  ?  ?  ?À? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ??  ??  ???  ?  ?  ? ?? ??  ?  ?  >?  ?  ?? - ?: 9 4ǀ? ?4 4 4? 4 4 4 4 5? 5 4 ?4 ?4 5 5 5 ?1? ?1 ?1 ?1 ?0 1x 1 / /? ?/π / / / .? ??.? ?. <. - - - --,,?,,-?----?+?* ??* ?+,>,,,?,?,?,--.?.?.?.%?À%%%%%%?%%?%?%?%&&'''?'?'?''?'())))x)?)?)?))*+++ǀX? π? ? ??? ##?&#&#? %#0%#x?%#?x%#?|%#?%#?%#?%#?%#%#%#%# ?%# $# ?$#?$# $# ?$# $#$#$#$#$#$#$#$###??####?##?##?#$ ?#$'$?'$'*'*'+'++XC@U =X7'*&'&'& && ?%% $#?$" $" #" ?#" ?# ?À" ?"  ?"  "  " ? ?" ? ?" ? ?" " ? ?  ?? ?  ?  ? ?!?!?!??!~???!?!????????????|??? ??  ???? ? ? ???????8?x?x? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ? ? ?  ? ? ?  ??  ?  ?? 0? ?? 8 ?? 8?? ?? ??? ???   @ ? ? ? ! ?!$$?$?$??#??#?8?##?# ??# ?# ?% %~&''?''?'?'''?'*)*?*p*|*~*?*?*?À**?----CCC C ?C ?C E E E ?E E E ?EEEE?EDEEEG?GGG G G ?8 6 6 6 ?6? ?5 5 7 7 7       ?   ?  ?  ? ?? ?  ? ?  ? ?  ?? ??  ?? ??  ?? ??  ?? ?  ??   ?   ?   ?          ǀ      ?              ?  ? ? ?  ?? ? À8 ? ?         ?  ? ?   ?       ?  ?À   À      ??    ? ?? ?   ?    ?  ?  À    ??    ?  ?   ? ?           ?      ? ?        ?     >   ??       ?  ?          ?     ?   ?   ?            ?? ? ??  ? ?   ?            ?        ??  ?  ?    &  '  '        ?       ?            ??  ??  ? ? ?   ?    ?                        ?   ??   ?   ? ?ǀ   ?ǀ  ? ?À  ? ?À   ?À   ?À   ?         ?         ?  ?  π       ?   ?            ?  À ?        ? ? ?      ?    8?       ? ? ~  ?  ? ?  ? ?  ?    ?  ? ??  ?   ?   ? ??  ?   ?  ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?  ? ?   ?   ?   ?  ?  ? ?? ? ? ??? ~?   ? ? ? ?? ? ??  ? ? ??  ?  ?  ?À? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ??  ??  ???  ?  ?  ? ?? ??  ?  ?  >?  ?  ?? - ?: 9 4ǀ? ?4 4 4? 4 4 4 4 5? 5 4 ?4 ?4 5 5 5 ?1? ?1 ?1 ?1 ?0 1x 1 / /? ?/π / / / .? ??.? ?. <. - - - --,,?,,-?----?+?* ??* ?+,>,,,?,?,?,--.?.?.?.%?À%%%%%%?%%?%?%?%&&'''?'?'?''?'())))x)?)?)?))*+++ǀX? π? ? ??? ##?&#&#? %#0%#x?%#?x%#?|%#?%#?%#?%#?%#%#%#%# ?%# $# ?$#?$# $# ?$# $#$#$#$#$#$#$#$###??####?##?##?#$ ?#$'$?'$'*'*'+'++XC Y-  K"4% X-  ` $#K2pPG;#News media Information 202 / 4180500 ` $FaOnDemand 202 / 4182830 `$Internet: http://www.fcc.gov `c!$0 ftp.fcc.gov  L-#&h2pPG;&#Federal Communications Commission 1919 M Street, N.W. Washington, D. C. 20554  c#^2pPG;#y:  dddy  M8{i#^2pPG;##,92pPG;3,#This is an unofficial announcement of Commission action. Release of the full text of a Commission order constitutes official action. See MCI v. FCC. 515 F 2d 385 (D.C. Circ 1974).  y: 5 dddhy  M8i U 1  1  Figure 1  Figure 1 y!HHhh@Uddfcclogo.wpgHHy! Xz dd 8u H#S2pPG;# NEWS K X   Њ #X~xP7 ۝XP# # Xw PE37 |XP# # Xw PE37 |XP## Xw PE37 |XP## Xw PE37 |XP#`(#(#X Report No. CC 9724COMMON CARRIER ACTION`(#May 7, 1997  X-  COMMISSION IMPLEMENTS TELECOM ACT'S  UNIVERSAL SERVICE PROVISIONS; ^2Adopts Plan to Ensure Access to Affordable Telecommunications Services  Xv-for All Americans (CC Docket No. 9645) T  T<   dThe Commission today implements the mandate for universal service set forth in the Telecommunications Act of 1996. The 1996 Act requires the Commission and the states to ensure that affordable, quality, telecommunications services are available to all Americans. Consistent with Congress's mandate, the Commission sets in motion universal service policies that will ensure all Americans, including lowincome consumers and those who live in rural, insular, high cost areas, shall have affordable service and will help to connect eligible schools, libraries, and rural health care providers to the global telecommunications network. The new plan fully funds Congress's universal service goals, while ensuring adequate incentives for continued investment in the local  Yy-telecommunications network. The Order also ensures that rural, small, and high cost telephone companies continue to receive the necessary universal service support. d In March 1996, pursuant to instructions from Congress, the Commission convened a federalstate Joint Board on universal service. After considering a 70,000page record and holding seven public hearings at which more than 50 experts testified, the Joint Board issued its recommendations regarding implementation of the new federal universal service support mechanisms. Today the Commission has beaten its statutory deadline by adopting a plan for universal service reform that is comprehensive and complete. Today's Order is guided by and adopts, almost in their entirety, the Joint Board's recommendations and commits to continuing to work in close partnership with the states to create complementary federal and state universal service support mechanisms. The Order adopts the following:  X - Principles dThe 1996 Act enumerates seven principles that are to guide the Commission in establishing policies for the preservation of universal service. These principles include quality services at just, T ?ԩ over T< "#,$$ $"Ԍ"reasonable, and affordable rates; access to advanced services; access in rural and high cost areas; equitable and nondiscriminatory contributions from all providers of telecommunications services; specific and predictable support mechanisms; and access to advanced telecommunications services for schools, health care providers, and libraries. In addition, as recommended by the Joint Board, the Commission has adopted the additional principle of "competitive neutrality."  Xv- Services Included in Universal Service Support  Y_- dBased on these principles, and guided by the recommendation of the Joint Board, the Commission finds that support should be provided for these services: Xd1) voice grade access to the public switched network, with the ability to place and receive calls; T$ d2) Dual Tone Multifrequency (DTMF) signaling or its functional equivalent, also known as dtouchtone service; d3) singleparty service; d4) access to emergency services, including 911 and Enhanced 911 (which identifies a caller's dlocation); d5) access to operator services; d6) access to interexchange services; d7) access to directory assistance; and d8) Lifeline and Link Up services for qualifying lowincome consumers. dAs recommended by the Joint Board, eligible carriers must offer each of the designated services in order to receive universal service support; transition periods will be available, however, for carriers currently unable to provide singleparty service, Enhanced 911 service, and toll limitation services. In addition, all lines will continue to be supported. Finally, as recommended by the Joint Board, the Commission will convene a Federal-State Joint Board to review the definition of universal service on or before January 1, 2001.  X!- Affordability dBased on the Joint Board's recommendation, the Commission concludes that states should monitor rates and nonrate factors, such as subscribership levels, to ensure local telephone service remains affordable. The Commission agrees with the Joint Board, and finds that there is a correlation between subscribership and affordability, and recommends further joint examination by the Commission and the states of the factors that may contribute to low subscribership levels. The Commission plans to release a Public Notice seeking information on subscribership levels in insular areas. "),** +"Ԍ X- Carriers Eligible for Universal Service Support  Y- dConsistent with the Joint Board's recommendation, the Commission concludes that any eligible telecommunications carrier, including, for example, wireless service providers, regardless of the technology they use, should be eligible to receive universal service support. The states have the statutory authority to designate carriers eligible to receive support. To be considered eligible under the Act, a carrier must be a common carrier; and the carrier must offer and advertise, throughout a designated service area, all of the services supported by universal service as described above.  XH-  X1- Rural, Insular, and High Cost Areas d  Y - dAlso, consistent with the Joint Board's recommendation, the Commission finds that support  Y -for high cost areas should be based on forwardlooking economic costs. The Commission finds that the cost methodologies presented thus far are not sufficiently reliable and, in June of this year, shall issue a Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking seeking further information. The states may elect to use the Commission's forwardlooking mechanisms or their own forwardlooking cost studies for determining universal service support. States must indicate their intent to use the Commission's or their own methodology by August 15, 1997. dThe Commission anticipates it will select a mechanism for determining support on a forwardlooking basis, for nonrural carriers, by the end of 1997. By February 6, 1998, the states electing to use their own cost studies must file them with the Commission, and the Commission will evaluate them for consistency with its forwardlooking criteria. By August 1998, the Commission will adopt the forwardlooking mechanism and necessary inputs that will take effect on January 1, 1999. dUntil the forwardlooking mechanism takes effect, nonrural carriers will continue to receive high cost loop support and long term support based on existing universal service mechanisms. Consistent with the Joint Board's recommendation, rural carriers will continue to receive the full level of support they receive under the current mechanism, with some minor modifications. The Commission will continue to work with the Joint Board on the development of an appropriate forwardlooking mechanism for rural carriers. The Commission also recommends that the Joint Board establish a rural task force that will consider development of forwardlooking mechanisms for rural carriers. dBeginning on January 1, 1999, the responsibility for high cost support will continue to be split along current jurisdictional lines, with 25 percent of the difference between the forwardlooking methodology's cost of service minus the national benchmark being funded by the Federal Universal Service Fund. In the interest of comity with the states, the Commission finds that states should be free to develop their own interstate programs. In addition, the Commission will refer this issue to the Joint Board for further review. dAs recommended by the Joint Board, the Commission will also continue to explore the use of competitive bidding as a mechanism to provide universal service. "#',**P("Ԍ X- Programs for LowIncome Consumers  Y-d The Order modifies the Lifeline and Link Up programs, established by the Commission over a decade ago to assist lowincome consumers, so that consumers in every state and territory can receive its benefits. Currently 44 states, including the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands, participate in Lifeline, which reduces qualified lowincome consumers' monthly phone charges with matching federal and state funds. Link Up provides federal support that reduces qualified lowincome consumers' initial connection charges by up to one half and is currently funded by contributions from interexchange carriers. Link Up support is presently available only to wireline incumbent local exchange carriers.  Y - dThe Commission has adopted the Joint Board's recommended changes to Lifeline and Link Up. It will:  Y -Xd1) Expand Lifeline to make it available in every state, territory and commonwealth; increase the federal Lifeline support amount; and modify the state matching requirement. Each Lifeline consumer will receive $5.25 in federal support. The federal fund will also provide $1.00 of additional support for every $2.00 of support provided by the states, up to a maximum of $1.75 so that the maximum federal support would be $7.00.T$ X}2) Make the contribution and distribution of lowincome support competitively and technologically neutral by requiring all providers of interstate telecommunications services to contribute and allowing all eligible telecommunications carriers, including, for example, wireless carriers, to receive support for offering Lifeline and Link Up service.T$  X-  Schools and Libraries }The Commission has adopted the Joint Board's recommendations for providing eligible schools and libraries discounts on the purchase of all commercially available telecommunications services, Internet access, and internal connections. Eligible schools and libraries will enjoy discounts ranging from 20% to 90%, with the higher discounts being provided to the most disadvantaged schools and libraries and those in high cost areas. Total expenditures for universal service support for schools and libraries is capped at $2.25 billion per year, with a rollover into following years of funding authority, if necessary, for funds not disbursed in any given year. }  X- Rural Health Care Providers }The Commission, consistent with the Joint Board recommendation, provides for all public and not-forprofit health care providers located in rural areas to receive universal service support, not to exceed an annual cap of $400 million. A health care provider may obtain telecommunications service at a transmission capacity up to and including 1.544 mbps, the bandwidth equivalent of a T1 line, at rates comparable to those paid for similar services in the nearest urban area with more than 50,000 residents, within the state in which the rural health care provider is located. }Rural health care providers will receive support for both distancebased charges and a tollfree connection to an Internet service provider. Each health care provider that lacks tollfree access to an Internet service provider may also receive the lesser of 30 hours of Internet access at local"),** +" calling rates per month or $180 per month in toll charge credits for toll charges imposed for connecting to the Internet. }  X-v X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8: