WPC: 2BVWZ 3|xr cpi)?xxx,{Xx6X@JQX@HP LaserJet 5L PCL MXHPLA5LPC.WRSx  @,,,&ZX@2C ZS @3|xr HP LaserJet 5L PCL MXHPLA5LPC.WRSx  @,,,&ZX@"5@^%,?JJw` ,,4N%,%%JJJJJJJJJJ,,NNNR````YRh`%J`Ro`hYh`YR`Y~YYR,%,NJ,JRJRJ,RR%%J%wRRRR4J,RJhJJC4%4N%,,,,57,JR`J`J`J`J`Jw`JYJYJYJYJ%%%%%%%%`RhRhRhRhR`R`R`R`RYJ`J`RhRhRYJ`RYR`J`J`J`J`J`JYJYJYJhRhRhhRhR`R`R5R,R,,%RJ`JR%R7`R`RhR~`4`7YJYJN/%JJ,RJJJJJ11ooJ,bbJo,%%CCJ,,JJ%C,,t,IIIINQQ!5MN$n_BjnJJfffXsICR`M`FVB`IJIOQ:R:\MfF`Ij[f[T_SQdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd%,?JJw` ,,4N%,%%JJJJJJJJJJ,,NNNR````YRh`%J`Ro`hYh`YR`Y~YYR,%,NJ,JRJRJ,RR%%J%wRRRR4J,RJhJJC4%4NdJd%JCJJ,Y,dddd%%CC/J,J,~ddY%,JJJJ%J,b1JN,bJ5I,,,MJ%,,1JoooR```````YYYY%%%%``hhhhhNh````YYRJJJJJJwJJJJJ%%%%RRRRRRRIRRRRRJR2G@)@i@ ^"5@^3=Wff,==Gk3=33ffffffffff==kkkpzp3fpzzpzzzp=3=kf=fpfpf=pp33f3ppppGf=pfff\G3Gk3====IL=epffffffzfzfzfzf33333333pppppppppzffpppzfpzpffffffzfzfzfppppppIp=p==3pffp3pLpppGLzfzfN@3ff=pfffffDCf=f=33\\f==ff3\==t=ddddkoo.Iik2[ffydCpi`vZdfdloPpPi`d}}tro3=Wff,==Gk3=33ffffffffff==kkkpzp3fpzzpzzzp=3=kf=fpfpf=pp33f3ppppGf=pfff\G3Gkf3f\ff=z=33\\@f=f=z3=ffff3f=Dfk=eId===if3==Cfpzzzz3333kzzpfffffffffff3333pppppppdpppppfp"5@^/7O\\x(77Aa/7//\\\\\\\\\\77aaafxxxxofx/\xfxoxofxooof7/7a\7\f\f\7ff//\/ffffA\7f\\\TA/Aa/7777BE7\fx\x\x\x\x\x\o\o\o\o\////////xfffffxfxfxfxfo\x\xfffo\xfofx\x\x\x\x\x\o\o\o\ffffxfxfBf7f77/f\x\f/fExfxffxAxEo\o\N:/\\7f\\\\\==\7{{\7//TT\77\\/T77t7[[[[aee*B`a-wS\\n[Cfx`xWkRx[\[ceIfIs`Wx[rriwhe}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}/7O\\x(77Aa/7//\\\\\\\\\\77aaafxxxxofx/\xfxoxofxooof7/7a\7\f\f\7ff//\/ffffA\7f\\\TA/Aa}\}/\T\\7o7}}}}//TT:\7\7}}o/7\\\\/\7{=\a7{\B[777`\/77=\fxxxxxxxoooo////xxaxxxxoof\\\\\\\\\\\////fffffff[fffff\f"5@^!077YH!!':!7777777777!!:::=bHHHHC=NH7H=SHNCNHC=HC^CC=!!:7!7=7=7!==7Y===='7!=7N772'':!!!!()!7=H7H7H7H7H7dYH7C7C7C7C7H=N=N=N=N=H=H=H=H=C7H7H=N=N=C7H=C=H7H7H7H7H7H7C7C7C7N=N=NN=N=H=H=(=!=!!=7H7==)H=H=N=d^H'H)C7C7N#77!=77777%%SS7!JJ7S!227d!!77dd2d!!t!7777:c<i;#<<l=BibliogrphyBibliogrphy11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Right Par 1Right Par 111#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Right Par 2Right Par 211#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Document 3Document 3 2A5>>?c@Right Par 3Right Par 311#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Right Par 4Right Par 411#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Right Par 5Right Par 511#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Right Par 6Right Par 611#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2WEOA BlB(/CRight Par 7Right Par 711#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Right Par 8Right Par 811#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Tech InitTech Init Document 1Document 1X` hp x (#` hp x (#` hp x (#X` hp x (#2GECFlF liGTechnical 5Technical 511#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Technical 6Technical 611#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Technical 2Technical 2 Technical 3Technical 3 2J!H"lH#-I$ITechnical 4Technical 4!11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Technical 1Technical 1" Technical 7Technical 7#11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Technical 8Technical 8$11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2mM%J&K'lGL(LDoc InitDoc Init%11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Bullet ListBullet List&11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#para numpara num' HeadingHeading(11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2EP)M*YN+O,xORight ParRight Par)11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#SubheadingSubheading*11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#FOOTNOTEFOOTNOTE+11#6\  P6QP##C\  P6QP#HIGHLIGHT 1HIGHLIGHT 1,  2'R-lwP.lP/lOQ0lQHEADERHEADER- LETTER LANDLETTER LAND. LEGAL LANDLEGAL LAND/ LETTER PORTLETTER PORT0 2T1lYR2R3lS4SLEGAL PORTLEGAL PORT1 TITLETITLE244#d\  P6QP# #C\  P6QP#FOOTERFOOTER3 BLOCK QUOTEBLOCK QUOTE411#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2W5rT6OU7V8VHEADING 3HEADING 35  HIGHLIGHT 2HIGHLIGHT 2644#XP\  P6QXP# #C\  P6QP#HIGHLIGHT 3HIGHLIGHT 3744#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#LETTERHEADLETTERHEAD811#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2^9W:lY;EZ<c\INVOICE FEEINVOICE FEE9X` hp x (#d#d#X` hp x (#MEMORANDUMMEMORANDUM: INVOICE EXPINVOICE EXP;X` hp x (# p x (# p x (#X` hp x (#INVOICE TOTINVOICE TOT<X` hp x (# p x (# p x (#X` hp x (#2Ma=l^>_?_@`NORMALNORMAL= SMALLSMALL>11#6\  P6QP##C\  P6QP#FINEFINE?11#,)\  P6Q,P##C\  P6QP#LARGELARGE@11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2cAaB9bClbDl_cEXTRA LARGEEXTRA LARGEA11#\  P6QP##C\  P6QP#VERY LARGEVERY LARGEB11#d\  P6QP##C\  P6QP#MACNormalMACNormalC 11D 2hEcFdGlweHgStyle 14Style 14E11#w82PQwP##C\  P6QP#Style 12Style 12F44#&J\  P6Q&P##C\  P6QP#Style 3Style 3GX` hp x (#% hM2!(##&J\  P6Q&P##C\  P6QP#% hM2!(#X` hp x (#Style 4Style 4H11#w82PQwP##C\  P6QP#2kIhJiKIjL kStyle 1Style 1I11#&J\  P6Q&P##C\  P6QP#Style 2Style 2J44#&J\  P6Q&P##C\  P6QP#Style 5Style 5K44#Rr\  P6QRP# #C\  P6QP#Style 7Style 7L11#&Q2PQ&P##C\  P6QP#2nMkNlOomP)nStyle 6Style 6M11#Z\  P6QP##C\  P6QP#head1head1N44# u2PQ P# #C\  P6QP#Paragraph 1Paragraph 1O11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Paragraph 2Paragraph 2P11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2qQoRoSpTCqParagraph 3Paragraph 3Q11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Paragraph 4Paragraph 4R11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Paragraph 5Paragraph 5S11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Paragraph 6Paragraph 6T11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2tU/rVrWsXx]tParagraph 7Paragraph 7U11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Paragraph 8Paragraph 8V11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Document[8]Document[8]W11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Document[4]Document[4]X  2wYuZu[l{v\vDocument[6]Document[6]Y11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Document[5]Document[5]Z11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Document[2]Document[2][ Document[7]Document[7]\11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2mz]w^x_lGy`yRight Par[1]Right Par[1]]11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Right Par[2]Right Par[2]^11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Document[3]Document[3]_ Right Par[3]Right Par[3]`11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2}azbY{c|d|Right Par[4]Right Par[4]a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Right Par[5]Right Par[5]b11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Right Par[6]Right Par[6]c11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Right Par[7]Right Par[7]d11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2e}f(s~ghURight Par[8]Right Par[8]e11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Document[1]Document[1]fX` hp x (#` hp x (#` hp x (#X` hp x (#Technical[5]Technical[5]g11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Technical[6]Technical[6]h11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2?ilAjlkllӃTechnical[2]Technical[2]i Technical[3]Technical[3]j Technical[4]Technical[4]k11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Technical[1]Technical[1]l 2Ymqn+opTechnical[7]Technical[7]m11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Technical[8]Technical[8]n11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Paragraph[1]Paragraph[1]o11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Paragraph[2]Paragraph[2]p11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2sqrEstParagraph[3]Paragraph[3]q11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Paragraph[4]Paragraph[4]r11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Paragraph[5]Paragraph[5]s11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Paragraph[6]Paragraph[6]t11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2uv_wlxParagraph[7]Paragraph[7]u11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Paragraph[8]Paragraph[8]v11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Unnamed 1Unnamed 1w toatoaxX` hp x (#` hp x (#` hp x (#X` hp x (#2{yՎzx{|_Equation Caption_Equation Captiony11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#22z  33{11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#44|11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2G}l~Ӓ55} 66~11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#7711#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#8811#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2lyY99 101011#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#111111#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#121211#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2E(s131311#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#141411#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#151511#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#1616X` hp x (#` hp x (#` hp x (#X` hp x (#2͛lAl171711#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#181811#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#1919 20a20a 2Klq+21a21a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#22a22a 23a23a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#24a24a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2ѡE25a25a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#26a26a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#27a27a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#282811#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#21_292911#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#30b30b11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#31b31b11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#32b32b11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2?KDefault ParaDefault Para11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#_Equation Ca_Equation Ca11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#endnote refeendnote refe44#2  P72P##C\  P6QP#footnote reffootnote ref44#2  P72P##C\  P6QP#2q+110,21,31110,21,3111#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#A,BA,B11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#footnote texfootnote texX` hp x (#` hp x (#` hp x (#X` hp x (#33b33b11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2Gxg!l۰34b34b  35b35b11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#36b36b11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#37b37b 2y3l383811#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#393911#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#404011#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#4141 2-Es42a42a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#43a43a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#44a44a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#45a45a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2_(Ӹ46a46a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#47a47a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#48p48pX` hp x (#` hp x (#` hp x (#X` hp x (#49p49p11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#23ll y50b50b11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#51b51b 52a52a 53a53a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2leѾE54b54b 55b55b11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#56b56b11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#57b57b11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#21_58aa58aa11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#59aa59aa11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#60aa60aa11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#61aa61aa11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#23Ky62aa62aa11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#63aa63aa11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#64aa64aa11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#65aa65aa11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2e66aa66aa11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#67aa67aa44#2  P72P##C\  P6QP#68aa68aa44#2  P72P##C\  P6QP#69aa69aaX` hp x (#` hp x (#` hp x (#X` hp x (#2x!70bb70bb11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#71bb71bb  72bb72bb11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#73bb73bb11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2al374bb74bb 75bb75bb11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#76bb76bb11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#77bb77bb11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2-ls78aa78aa 79aa79aa11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#808011#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#818111#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2_(828211#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#838311#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#848411#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#8585X` hp x (#` hp x (#` hp x (#X` hp x (#23l[l868611#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#878711#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#8888 8989 2elE90a90a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#91a91a 92a92a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#93a93a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#21_94a94a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#95a95a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#96a96a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#97a97a11#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#23Ky989811#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#999911#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#10010011#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#10110111#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#2ye=[10210211#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#toc 1toc 1X` hp x (#(#`(#`X` hp x (#toc 2toc 2X` hp x (#` (#` (#X` hp x (#toc 3toc 3X` hp x (#` (#`` (#`X` hp x (#2{vtoc 4toc 4X` hp x (# (#` (#`X` hp x (#toc 5toc 5X` hp x (#h(#`h(#`X` hp x (#toc 6toc 6X` hp x (#(# (# X` hp x (#toc 7toc 7 2%toc 8toc 8X` hp x (#(# (# X` hp x (#toc 9toc 9X` hp x (#(#`(#`X` hp x (#index 1index 1X` hp x (#` (#` (#X` hp x (#index 2index 2X` hp x (#` (#` (#X` hp x (#2ZWu9gtoa headingtoa headingX` hp x (#(#(#X` hp x (#captioncaption;1#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#_Equation Caption1_Equation Caption111#XP\  P6QXP##C\  P6QP#Body Text 2Body Text 2X` hp x (#` hp x (##XP\  P6QXP#2Hvpkrka8DocumentgDocument Style StyleXX` `  ` a4DocumentgDocument Style Style . a6DocumentgDocument Style Style GX  a5DocumentgDocument Style Style }X(# 2zv/a2DocumentgDocument Style Style<o   ?  A.  a7DocumentgDocument Style StyleyXX` ` (#` a1Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph Numbers:`S@ I.  X(# a2Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersC @` A. ` ` (#` 2 ^W ^ a3DocumentgDocument Style StyleB b  ?  1.  a3Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersL! ` ` @P 1. ` `  (# "H^^--l-S----------SSS (oMoMMo6o- - - ----------- xEd--      o o o o ---------- -----M--     o o o ----------oo---MMN- -------  -X--LX XtIIIISPkkrYS)Pr--ICoY9'IMIckoY9I{uk--l-S----------SSS (oMoMMo6o- - - ----------- xE-- X--XM  -XL----x--S-IY- ooooSM-           -------I-------"H^^&iiX0iiiiiiiiiiiAQiAiAiAiii0iiiiiiiiAXXx)iiAAAAAAAAAAiiiiiiiiiiAiiiiiiiAAAAAAAAiiiiiiiiii)iii)NEiAiiiiii$$iAAiiiAtQd<Qii)))nCxb<<&x<)00000000000000000000000000000000&iiX0iiiiiiiiiiiAQiAiAiAiii0iiiiiiiiAXX0i0iAii0000AAi00iiiii$i$iEiAiAAAAAAAAAAAiiiiiiiiiiiiii2 @E @@j"5@^.=f\\3==\i.=.3\\\\\\\\\\==iii\zzpG\zpfzz=3=k\=\fRfR=\f3=f3f\ffRG=f\\\RH(H`.====IL=\f\\\\\RzRzRzRzRG3G3G3G3f\\\\ffff\\f\\\\pf\\\RRRzRzRzR\\\\ffIfGfG=Gf\fz3zLff\RRfGfGN@.c\=\\\\\\7<\7\7==\\\==\\=\=7t=ddddioo.Iii2[\\ydCpi`vZdfdloPpPi`d}}tro.=f\\3==\i.=.3\\\\\\\\\\==iii\zzpG\zpfzz=3=k\=\fRfR=\f3=f3f\ffRG=f\\\RH(H`\=\\\\=f===\\@\=G=.=\\\\(\=7\i=\Id77=ic.=7<\\zzzzGGGGipf\\\\\\RRRRR3333\f\\\\\d\ffff\f"5@^'0;;a['';B'!;;;;;;;;;;!!BBB4kTNNTGATT'-TGhTTATNAGTTnTTG'!'7;'4;4;4';;!!;![;;;;'-!;;T;;488?''''/0';;T4T4T4T4T4hNN4G4G4G4G4'!'!'!'!T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T4T;T;T;T;T;A;T;T4T4N4N4N4G4G4G4T;T;TT;T;T;T;/;';''';-T;G!G0T;T;T;hTN'N0A-A-N)5;'4;;;;; $XX;#YY;X#''44;u'';;ru'4u'#t'@@@@BsGGz/CB `S:]sz`;;ZZZMe@CGTCT=K9T@A@EG3G3QCY=T@]PZPJSHG[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[['0;;a['';B'!;;;;;;;;;;!!BBB4kTNNTGATT'-TGhTTATNAGTTnTTG'!'7;'4;4;4';;!!;![;;;;'-!;;T;;488?[;[';4u;;'uA'h[[[[''44);u'r-'T[[T';;;;;'Y ;B'Y;/@##'C5'#$;XXX4TTTTTThNGGGG''''TTTTTTTBTTTTTTA;444444N44444!!!!;;;;;;;@;;;;;;;Courier 12pt (10cpi)Arial (Bold) (TT)CG TimesCG Times (Bold)Times New Roman (TT)Times New Roman (Bold) (TT)Times New Roman (Italic) (TT)CG Times (Italic)"5@^'1;;a['';O'!;;;;;;;;;;''OOO;kGGNTGGTT'4NAaNTGTG;ATGaGAA-!-1;';;4;4!;;!!4!T;;;;--!;4N44-/ /?''''/0';;G;G;G;G;G;hNN4G4G4G4G4'!'!'!'!N;T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T;A4G;T;T;T;A4T;G;G;G;G;N4N4N4G4G4G4T;T;TT;T;T;T;/;';''';4N4A!A0N;N;T;nNG-G0;-;-N)=;-;;;;;; $XX;#YY;X#''AA;h'';;rh'Au'#t'@@@@OsGGz/CO `S:]sz`;;ZZZMe@CGTCT=K9T@A@EG3G3QCY=T@]PZPJSHG[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[['1;;a['';O'!;;;;;;;;;;''OOO;kGGNTGGTT'4NAaNTGTG;ATGaGAA-!-1;';;4;4!;;!!4!T;;;;--!;4N44-/ /?[;[';Ah;;'u;'n[[[[''AA);h'r-'N[[A-;;;; ;'Y ;O'Y;/@##'C='#$;XXX;GGGGGGhNGGGG''''TNTTTTTOTTTTTAG;;;;;;;N44444!!!!;;;;;;;@;;;;;4;2-@@!@\$^'"5@^2BRdd$BBdq2B28dddddddddd88qqqYzoBNzoozzB8B^dBYdYdYBdd88d8ddddBN8ddddY`(`l2BB!BBPRBddYYYYYYzYzYzYzYB8B8B8B8ddddddddddYdddddoddYYYYYzYzYzYddddddPdBdBBBdNdz8zRdddBRoNoNNF2ZdBYddddd7>d<d<BBYYdBBddBYBdYzzzzBBBBqodYYYYYYYYYYY8888dddddddnddddddd"5@^2Boddȧ8BBdr2B28ddddddddddBBrrrdzNdzoȐB8BtdBdoYoYBdo8Bo8odooYNBodddYO,Oh2BB!BBPRBdodddddȐYYYYYN8N8N8N8oddddooooddoddddzodddYYYYYYddddooPoNoNBNodo8RoodȐYYoNoNNF2ldBdddddd>wwO| OTtO<wAwbbC}vii}FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFOnwwOOOwOOOOwwwwwwwwwwOOjO]OOOwwwjwjwjOwwBBwBwwwwY]BwwwwjjwjwFFOw|www >FFFFOO||www]>FFFOwwwwwwwwwbOwwwTTwwnwTwbjOOOOwjjjjjjjjjjjBBBBwwwwwwwwwwwwww"5@^*7\TT/77T_*7*/TTTTTTTTTT77___TxoxxofAToxfx\oxxxxo7/7aT7T\J\J7T\/7\/\T\\JA7\TxTTJB%BW*7777BE7T\xTxTxTxTxTxxJoJoJoJoJA/A/A/A/x\TTTTx\x\x\x\xTxTx\TTxTxTf\xTxTxTxJxJxJoJoJoJTTTT\\B\A\A7A\T\o/oEx\x\TxxJxJ\A\AN:*ZT7TTTTTT27}}T2}}T}277TTT77TT7T72t7[[[[_ee*B`_-wSTTn[Cfx`xWkRx[\[ceIfIs`Wx[rriwhe*7\TT/77T_*7*/TTTTTTTTTT77___TxoxxofAToxfx\oxxxxo7/7aT7T\J\J7T\/7\/\T\\JA7\TxTTJB%BWT7TTTT7\777TT:T7A7xx*7TTTT%T7}2T_7}TB[227`Z*727T}}}TxxxxxxxooooAAAAxx_xxxxxf\TTTTTTxJJJJJ////T\TTTTT[T\\\\T\z !,A=Lp!\  P6QpPz2J=.,AgE&J\  P6Q&P 2N=.,W&N4  pQ&zU /',A^/\  P6Q^P4 V/',t~^/*f9 xQ^Xz7PC2,AVXP\  P6QXP7UC2,WXU4  pQX,WY4  pQ4 ,t*f9 xQX6CbPF,(bb PE3QP6QC;,XQ&_ xQXXT8,oT0! P6QPCourier 12pt (10cpi)Arial (Bold) (TT)CG TimesCG Times (Bold)Times New Roman (TT)Times New Roman (Bold) (TT)Times New Roman (Italic) (TT)CG Times (Italic)Map Symbols (TT)2R@5C@uFfI$(>"5@^TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTETTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTNTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTtTT[[TTee*TTT-wSTTn[CfxTxWkRx[\[ceIfIs`Wx[rriwheTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT(TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT"5@^*7DTT77T^*7*/TTTTTTTTTT//^^^Jxooxf\xx7Axfxx\xo\fxxxxf7/7NT7JTJTJ7TT//T/TTTT7A/TTxTTJP!PZ*7777BE7TTxJxJxJxJxJooJfJfJfJfJ7/7/7/7/xTxTxTxTxTxTxTxTxTxTxJxTxTxTxTxT\TxTxJxJoJoJoJfJfJfJxTxTxxTxTxTxTBT7T777TAxTf/fExTxTxTxo7oE\A\AN:*KT7JTTTTT.3}}T2T}277JJT77TT7J72t7[[[[^ee*B`^-wSTTn[Cfx`xWkRx[\[ceIfIs`Wx[rriwhe*7DTT77T^*7*/TTTTTTTTTT//^^^Jxooxf\xx7Axfxx\xo\fxxxxf7/7NT7JTJTJ7TT//T/TTTT7A/TTxTTJP!PZT7TJTT7\777JJ:T7A7xx*7TTTT!T7.T^7TB[227`K*723T}}}Jxxxxxxoffff7777xxxxxxx^xxxxxx\TJJJJJJoJJJJJ////TTTTTTT[TTTTTTT?xxx,{Xx6X@JQX@f@,%,@2p NQ+X=3,Pa&X2p NQ&'P8/,P2p NQL0!,,02p NQ,,2p NQ,, 2p NQ 68RC;,(ZXR PE3QXPt7WC;,1@EXW_ pQXz,AG\  P6QP z !,A=Lp!\  P6QpPz2J=.,AgE&J\  P6Q&P 2N=.,W&N4  pQ&zU /',A^/\  P6Q^P4 V/',t~^/*f9 xQ^Xz7PC2,AVXP\  P6QXP7UC2,WXU4  pQX,WY4  pQ4 ,t*f9 xQX6CbPF,(bb PE3QP6QC;,XQ&_ xQXXT8,oT0! P6QPzy.C8*,A/C\  P6QPy.G8*,WuG4  pQS+X=3,Pa&X2p NQ&2MR=@U =X7'*&'&'& && ?%% $#?$" $" #" ?#" ?# ?À" ?"  ?"  "  " ? ?" ? ?" ? ?" " ? ?  ?? ?  ?  ? ?!?!?!??!~???!?!????????????|??? ??  ???? ? ? ???????8?x?x? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ? ? ?  ? ? ?  ??  ?  ?? 0? ?? 8 ?? 8?? ?? ??? ???   @ ? ? ? ! ?!$$?$?$??#??#?8?##?# ??# ?# ?% %~&''?''?'?'''?'*)*?*p*|*~*?*?*?À**?----CCC C ?C ?C E E E ?E E E ?EEEE?EDEEEG?GGG G G ?8 6 6 6 ?6? ?5 5 7 7 7       ?   ?  ?  ? ?? ?  ? ?  ? ?  ?? ??  ?? ??  ?? ??  ?? ?  ??   ?   ?   ?          ǀ      ?              ?  ? ? ?  ?? ? À8 ? ?         ?  ? ?   ?       ?  ?À   À      ??    ? ?? ?   ?    ?  ?  À    ??    ?  ?   ? ?           ?      ? ?        ?     >   ??       ?  ?          ?     ?   ?   ?            ?? ? ??  ? ?   ?            ?        ??  ?  ?    &  '  '        ?       ?            ??  ??  ? ? ?   ?    ?                        ?   ??   ?   ? ?ǀ   ?ǀ  ? ?À  ? ?À   ?À   ?À   ?         ?         ?  ?  π       ?   ?            ?  À ?        ? ? ?      ?    8?       ? ? ~  ?  ? ?  ? ?  ?    ?  ? ??  ?   ?   ? ??  ?   ?  ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?  ? ?   ?   ?   ?  ?  ? ?? ? ? ??? ~?   ? ? ? ?? ? ??  ? ? ??  ?  ?  ?À? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ??  ??  ???  ?  ?  ? ?? ??  ?  ?  >?  ?  ?? - ?: 9 4ǀ? ?4 4 4? 4 4 4 4 5? 5 4 ?4 ?4 5 5 5 ?1? ?1 ?1 ?1 ?0 1x 1 / /? ?/π / / / .? ??.? ?. <. - - - --,,?,,-?----?+?* ??* ?+,>,,,?,?,?,--.?.?.?.%?À%%%%%%?%%?%?%?%&&'''?'?'?''?'())))x)?)?)?))*+++ǀX? π? ? ??? ##?&#&#? %#0%#x?%#?x%#?|%#?%#?%#?%#?%#%#%#%# ?%# $# ?$#?$# $# ?$# $#$#$#$#$#$#$#$###??####?##?##?#$ ?#$'$?'$'*'*'+'++XC Y4M @4  `$X#K2pPG;#News media Information 202 / 4180500 `${FaxOnDemand 202 / 4182830 `$Internet: http://www.fcc.gov `l!$ ftp.fcc.gov  L'#&h2pPG;Pa&#Federal Communications Commission 445 12th Street, S. W. Washington, D. C. 20554  C#^2pPG;#y:  dddy  L9[h#^2pPG;##,92pPG;,#This is an unofficial announcement of Commission action. Release of the full text of a Commission order constitutes official action. See MCI v. FCC. 515 F 2d 385 (D.C. Circ 1974).  ey:  dddhy  L9}h U 1  1  Figure 1  Figure 1 y!HH,,@Uddfcclogo.wpgHHy! X dd98k @#S2pPG;# NEWS M X   #Xw PE37ZXP##XR PE3QZXP#FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASEhhWppNEWS MEDIA CONTACT:  Y4May 27, 1999  MhhWppEmily Hoffnar 202/4180253  Y4 XX    Figure 1  Figure 1 6 COMMON CARRIER ACTION 6 6  Xv4\ COMMISSION TAKES ACTION TO REFORM UNIVERSAL SERVICE SUPPORT FOR NONRURAL CARRIERS PROVIDING SERVICE IN HIGHCOST AREAS AND 6 WW Commission Adopts Framework for Federal Universal Service  HighCost Support Mechanism  X 4 (CC Docket Nos. 9645, 96262)   6  X 4g  Commission Seeks Comment on the Input Values  for the ForwardLooking Cost Model  X 4(CC Docket Nos. 9645, 97160) 6 6 6The Commission today took a major step in reforming the highcost universal service support mechanism for nonrural carriers. The Commission, in consultation with the FederalState Joint Board on Universal Service, adopted the framework for a new, forwardlooking, highcost support mechanism that will provide support for carriers that do not meet the Communications Act's definition of a rural telephone company. The Commission's efforts regarding highcost support are intended to fulfill Congress's directive that universal service be preserved and advanced in a manner that encourages competition. In November 1998, the Joint Board made recommendations on the issues referred to it by the Commission earlier that year. Today, the Commission adopted many of the Joint Board's recommendations. In a combined Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, the Commission established the forwardlooking methodology for calculating federal universal service support for nonrural carriers providing service in highcost areas of the Nation, and sought comment on certain implementation issues regarding the new forwardlooking mechanism. The Commission adopted the framework for a federal highcost support mechanism, consistent with the Joint Board's most recent recommendation, that will provide support for nonrural carriers' intrastate, forwardlooking costs that exceed both a national cost benchmark and the individual state's resources available to support those costs. The Commission stated that the new federal highcost support mechanism will be used only to determine federal support amounts, and will not impose any obligation on a state to adopt an"#,$$z z !" intrastate support mechanism or impose an intrastate surcharge. In order to prevent disruption in state rate design, the Commission also adopted a "holdharmless" approach under which the amount of support provided by the new forwardlooking mechanism will be no less than the amount of explicit support provided by the existing mechanism. The Commission also sought further comment on certain issues related to how support should be calculated and distributed. In a separate Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, the Commission moved toward completing its work on the computer cost model and the necessary input values on which the new forwardlooking, highcost support mechanism is based. In this second stage of the cost model proceeding, the Commission sought additional comment on the input values that will be used in the engineering cost model to determine nonrural carriers' forwardlooking costs to provide supported services. On October 28, 1998, the Commission completed the first stage of developing the cost model by selecting the model platform In the Further Notice adopted today, the Commission proposed the input values for the model, such as the cost of cables, switches, and other network components, in addition to various capital cost parameters. Based on requests from numerous parties that the Commission allow the public an opportunity to review and comment on the methodology for determining support, the cost model, the inputs, and the resulting support amounts, the Commission postponed implementation of the new, forwardlooking highcost support mechanism from July 1, 1999, as previously planned. The Commission intends to select the final input values to be used in the forwardlooking cost model and finalize the methodology in time to implement the new federal mechanism for nonrural carriers beginning January 1, 2000. In light of the comments the Commission receives as a result of the Further Notices adopted today, it will make any final refinements that are necessary this summer and adopt a final model and inputs in the fall. While the cost model's operation and inputs are being verified, the Commission also will resolve any remaining implementation issues for the new highcost support mechanism. Highlights of the Commission's Order are as follows:  Y 4   Y4XConsistent with the Joint Board's recommendations in the Second Recommended  Y4Decision, the Commission concluded that a primary purpose of federal highcost support is to ensure that states have the ability to achieve reasonably comparable rates within and among states.(#  Y#4XAs recommended by the Joint Board, the Commission reconsidered and repudiated the 25%/75% federal/state jurisdictional division of responsibility for highcost support. (#  Y>&4XConsistent with the Joint Board's recommendations, the Commission adopted a new federal highcost mechanism, which consists of a twostep process that considers both the costs of providing supported services and the states' ability to support those costs using their own resources. (# "*,,,("Ԍ Y4XAs recommended by the Joint Board, under the new methodology, support will be based on forwardlooking costs, i.e., the estimated costs that an efficient carrier would incur to provide supported services to its customers today. Unlike support based on book costs, support based on forwardlooking costs will not support inefficiencies in a carrier's network, better reflects conditions in a competitive market, and sends the correct signals for entry, investment, and innovation in the long run.(#  Y_4XX` ` In the first step of the twostep process, the costs incurred by a nonrural carrier to provide supported services are estimated using the Commission's national computer cost model, which was adopted in October 1998. Those costs are then compared to a national cost benchmark to determine those areas that have costs in excess of the benchmark and that are therefore in need of support.(#`  Y 4XX` ` In the second step, the state's ability to achieve reasonably comparable rates using its own resources is estimated by multiplying a fixed dollar amount by the number of lines served by nonrural carriers in the state. (The Commission sought comment on the fixed dollar amount for which states should be responsible in the companion Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking.) The federal support mechanism provides support for costs that exceed both the national benchmark and the individual state's resources to support those costs.(#`  Y4XX` ` The Commission concluded that states are not required to impose a perline  Y4charge to collect intrastate universal service support, and carriers are not necessarily entitled to recover a perline amount from state mechanisms.  Y4Instead, the perline amount is an estimate of a state's ability to achieve reasonable comparability, and it establishes a level above which federal support will be provided. States are generally already meeting this burden through existing mechanisms such as rate averaging.(#`  YT4XConsistent with the Joint Board's recommendations, the Commission concluded that the amount of support provided by the new forwardlooking mechanism will be no less than the amount of support provided under the present mechanism. This "holdharmless" approach is designed to prevent rate shock and disruption in state rate designs after implementation of the new mechanism. (#  Y 4XThe Commission agreed with the Joint Board that current conditions do not necessitate substantial increases in federal support for local rates, and the size of the federal highcost fund should not increase substantially.(#  Yn$4XThe Commission reiterated that, under the new highcost mechanism, federal universal service support will continue to be portable among all eligible telecommunications carriers. Portable support is consistent with the Joint Board's recommendations and the principle of competitive neutrality, and will encourage competitive entry in highcost areas.(# "),**'"Ԍ Y4XThe Commission will initiate a separate proceeding in July 1999 to investigate whether unserved areas, or areas of extremely low density, low penetration, and high cost, should receive additional or special universal service support. For example, such areas may encompass portions of Alaska, certain Native American lands, and other similar areas.(#  Yv4XThe Commission stated that the Joint Board and the Commission will undertake a comprehensive review of the operation of the highcost support mechanism for nonrural carriers on or before January 1, 2003.(#  Y 4XThe new federal highcost support mechanism adopted by the Commission today affects only universal service support for nonrural carriers that serve highcost areas. The highcost support mechanism for rural carriers is not scheduled to be revised until January 1, 2001, at the earliest, and only after the Commission and the Joint Board have completed further deliberations on the matter based on recommendations from the Joint Board's Rural Task Force.(# Highlights of the Commission's Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking  YK4XIn the companion Further Notice, the Commission sought comment on implementation issues including:(#  Y4` ` the level of the national benchmark;  Y4` ` the size of the area over which costs should be averaged when determining the level of support;(#`  Y4` ` the states' ability to support highcost areas;  Y4` ` methods for ensuring that support is distributed and applied consistent with the 1996 Act;(#`  Y|4` ` the operation of the holdharmless and portability provisions, including whether universal service highcost support should be distributed directly to the state commissions rather than to carriers. (#`  Y 4XTo supplement the record in the ongoing companion access charge reform proceeding, in the Further Notice the Commission also sought comment on how interstate access charges should be adjusted to account for implicit highcost universal service support that may, in the future, be identified in interstate access rates.(#  Y 4  Y!4XOn October 28, 1998, the Commission completed the first stage of the proceeding to implement a new, forwardlooking, highcost support mechanism with the selection of a national cost model platform. The platform encompasses the aspects of the model that are essentially fixed primarily assumptions about the design of the network and network engineering.(#  Y#'4XIn this Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, the Commission sought comment on the input values that will be used in the national cost model to determine nonrural carriers' forwardlooking costs to provide supported services. Input values are the costs associated with the network and network components necessary to provide the"),**'" supported services.(#  Y4XThe Commission proposed and sought comment on the following in the Further Notice:(#  Y4` ` input values for the model, such as the cost of cables, switches, and other network components, in addition to various capital cost parameters;(#`  Y_4` ` methods for determining customer location and adoption of a specific customer location data set;(#`  Y14` ` elimination of the annual reporting requirement for nonrural carriers; and  Y 4` ` possible alternatives to the cost model.  Y 4XThe Commission stated its intent to adopt an order selecting the final input values to be used in the forwardlooking cost model in time to implement the new federal mechanism for nonrural carriers beginning January 1, 2000.(#  Y 4 Action by the Commission on May 27, 1999, by Seventh Report and Order and Thirteenth Order on Reconsideration in CC Docket No. 9645, Fourth Report and Order in CC Docket No. 96262, and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (FCC 99119); Commissioners Powell and Tristani, with Chairman Kennard and Commissioner Ness dissenting in part, and Commissioner Furchtgott-Roth concurring in part and dissenting in part; Chairman Kennard, Commissioners Ness, Powell and Furchtgott-Roth issuing statements.  Y4 Common Carrier Bureau Contacts: hhChuck Keller (202) 4187400.(#h  Y4 XX` ` X MXXhhJack Zinman (202) 4187400.(#h Action by the Commission on May 27, 1999, by Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (FCC 99120); Chairman Kennard, Commissioners Ness, Powell and Tristani, with Commissioner Furchtgott-Roth dissenting and issuing a statement.  Y74Common Carrier Bureau Contact: hhCraig Brown (202) 4187400.(#h ` `  MhhKatie King (202) 4187400.  Y4Report No:` ` 9917 #FCC  #T0! P6QoP#  #6 6 6 6 6