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It has come to our attention that recent technological advances in telecommunications   have significantly increased the use of remote switches. We believe, however, that some carriers   are improperly classifying these switches as circuit equipment rather than central office   switching, under Part 32. The inconsistency in classifying these switches appears to be the result   of confusion between remote switches and concentrators, the latter of which are properly   classified as circuit equipment under Part 32. In order to increase uniformity in the Part 32   classification of remote switches, we are issuing definitions in this letter to differentiate between remote switches and concentrators.  Y- yRemote Switch: A unit that performs some, but not necessarily all, of the basic switching  Y-  jfunctions.  YQ-  Jԍ#XP\  P6Q[hXP# The basic switching functions are: 1) Attending - monitors for off-hook signals; 2) Control  Y:-  - determines call destination and assigns call to available line or trunk, 3) Busy testing -  Y#-  determines whether the called line/trunk is busy; 4) Information receiving - receives control and  Y -  busy test results; 5) Information transmitting - transmits control and busy test results to tell the  Y-   alerting and interconnection functions whether to complete the call; 6) Interconnection - connects  Y-  jsubscriber line to subscriber line or subscriber line to trunk; 7) Alerting - rings the called   Lsubscriber's line or other signalling means if the call is destined for another exchange; 8)  Y-  Supervising-monitors for call termination so the line can be released. See, e.g.,  Y-  Telecommunication System Engineering, Second Edition, Roger L. Freeman, Wiley Interscience, 89-90 (1989).  The remote switch may be wholly or partially controlled by a control unit or   processor located in another switch, (i.e., the "host" switch). The remote switch may depend   on the host switch for such functions as routing, billing, traffic measurement and custom calling.   Calls between subscribers served by the same remote can be switched by the remote. When this   occurs, the voice or data path does not extend to the host switch; however, a link to the host   switch may be maintained for call control purposes. A remote switch may be able to switch calls  Y-between subscribers it serves when the control link to the host switch fails.  YJ'-ԍ#XP\  P6Q[hXP#See BOC Notes on the LEC Networks-1990, Issue 1, March 1991. The Commission's   rules require that the cost of remote switches be included in Account 32.2211, Analog electronic"D ,**UU["  Y-switching, or Account 32.2212, Digital electronic switching.M Yy-  ,ԍ#XP\  P6Q[hXP#See 47 C.F.R. 32.2211-32.2212. Class B companies would record these costs in Account  Yb-32.2210, Central office-switching. See 47 C.F.R.  32.2210.   Y-  Remote Concentrator: A unit that consolidates subscriber lines. This equipment facilitates the   use of lesser amounts of loop plant to serve a greater number of end users. All calls are switched   by the central office switch to which the remote concentrator is connected. The voice or data   path will always extend to the host switch even for calls between subscribers served by the same   remote concentrator. If the voice or data path ,or control link between the central office and the   remote concentrator fails, all service to those subscribers served by the remote concentrator will   be interrupted until the failed link is restored. The Commission's rules require that the cost of   Yequipment used to reduce the amount of loop plant otherwise required to serve a given number   of subscribers by utilizing carrier systems, concentration stages or combinations of both is to be  Y -included in Account 32.2232, Circuit equipment.  KM Y{-  ԍ#XP\  P6Q[hXP#See 47 C.F.R. 32.2232 Class B companies would record these costs in Account 32.2230,  Yd-Central office-transmission. See 47 C.F.R. 32.2230.   The distinguishing attribute between a remote switch and a remote concentrator is that   a remote switch can switch calls between the subscribers it serves either routinely or if the voice   Yor data path, or control link to the host switch fails. Thus, for calls between subscribers served   by the same remote switch, the remote switch's voice or data path does not always extend to the   host switch. A remote concentrator, however, depends on the host switch to switch all calls, and  Y-the voice or data path will always extend to the host switch.M Y -  ԍ#XP\  P6Q[hXP#See Telecommunication System Engineering, Second Edition, Roger L. Freeman, Wiley Interscience. 120 (1989).  This letter is issued pursuant to authority delegated under  0.291 of the Commission's   xRules, 47 C.F.R.  0.291. Applications for review under Section 1.115 of the Commission's  Y-  YRules, 47 C.F.R.  1.115, must be filed within 30 days of the date of this letter. See 47 C.F.R. 1.4(b)(2).  MIf you have any questions, please contact the Chief of the Accounting Systems Branch at (202) 4180810.  ` `  hh,VSincerely,  ` `  hh,VKenneth P. Moran ` `  hh,VChief, Accounting and Audits Division ` `  hh,VCommon Carrier Bureau