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(1) (a) (i) 1) a)dK+b70t _5xŗ+tE)*` ` `  "i~'^5>g\\>>>\g0>03\\\\\\\\\\>>ggg\yyrF\yrgyy>3>j\>\gQgQ>\g3>g3g\ggQF>g\\\QI(I_>0_j>>>0>>>>>>\>g3\\\\\QyQyQyQyQD3D3D3D3g\\\\gggg\\g\\\\pg\\\QQ_QyQyQyQyQ\\\_\gjF3FgF>Fgg__gy3ySy>yIy3ggg\\QQQgFgFgFg_y^y>yjgggggg_yQyQyQgy>ggFy>\0\\=2=WxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNBnnBa\>\\\\\\7>\7>\7>>\\\??n\\pBnnBsgg>\\7"yyyy\nlc\gnn\2KK4KK"i~'^5>M\\>>>\}0>03\\\\\\\\\\>>}}}\rryrr>Qygyrr\grrggF3FM\>\\Q\Q3\\33Q3\\\\FF3\QyQQFI3Ic>0cM>>>0>>>>>>\>\3r\r\r\r\r\yyQrQrQrQrQ>3>3>3>3y\\\\\\\\\gQr\\\\gQ\r\r\r\r\yQyQycyQnrQrQrQrQ\\\c\c\>3>\>>>\\ccyQg3gBg>g;g3y\jy\y\\\yrFrFrF\F\F\FccgBg3gM\\\\\\ygcgFgFgF\g>y\\Fg>g\n0\\=(=WddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddNBnnB_\F\\\\\\3;\7;\7>>gg\??n\\pBnnBb\\>g\7"yyyy\njc\}nn\"i~'^ %,77\V%%%7>%7777777777>>>0eOIIOD>OO%*ODaOO>OI>DOOgOOD%%37%07070%777V7777%*77O77055;%;3%%%%%%%%%%%7O0O0O0O0O0aHI0D0D0D0D0%%%%O7O7O7O7O7O7O7O7O7O7O0O7O6O7O7O7>7O0O0O0I0I0I;I0OED0D0D0D0O7O7O7O;O7O;O7%%7%%%7M>;;O7DD,D%D%DO7AO7O7O7O7aOI%I%I%>*>*>*>;D.DD3O7O7O7O7O7O7gOO;D0D0D0O7D%O7>*D%O7E77%%WMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxN(BB(37%07777j7#TT7!#TT7T!%%007n&&Bn77lCTn(nBB(A\\>>n%07\n!"IIIITTenn7TnB@;7>lBBn7"i~'^09CSS999S]+9+/SSSSSSSSSS//]]]Ixnnxg]xx9?xgxx]xn]gxxxxg9/9MS9ISISI9SS//S/SSSS9?/SSxSSIP!PZ9+ZM999+99999999S/xIxIxIxIxIlnIgIgIgIgI9/9/9/9/xSxSxSxSxSxSxSxSxSxSxIxSxRxSxSxS]SxIxIxInInInZnIxigIgIgIgIxSxSxSxZxSxZxS9/9S999Su]ZZxSg/gCg9g9g/xSbxSxSxSxSxn9n9n9]?]?]?]ZgFg/gMxSxSxSxSxSxSxxZgIgIgIxSg9xS]?g9xSi+SS88WuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxN8HH"&H>XHH8HB8>HH^HH>"".2",2,2,"222N2222"&22H22,006"6."""""""""""2H,H,H,H,H,XAB,>,>,>,>,""""H2H2H2H2H2H2H2H2H2H2H,H2H1H2H2H282H,H,H,B,B,B6B,H?>,>,>,>,H2H2H2H6H2H6H2""2"""2F866H2>>(>">">H2;H2H2H2H2XHB"B"B"8&8&8&86>*>>.H2H2H2H2H2H2^HH6>,>,>,H2>"H28&>"H2?22!!WFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxN$<<$.2",2222`2 LL2 LL2L"",,2d""/>/>/>/x]SSSSx]x]x]x]xSxSx]SSxSxSf]xSxSxSxIxIxWxIx{nInInInISSSWS]a?/?]?9?]]WW]n/nKn9nCn/x]xx]x]SSxxIxIxI]?]?]?]WnUn9nax]x]x]x]x]x]xxWnInInIx]n9x]]?n9xSz+SS8-8WuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxN\ ] {Op-#X\  P6G;P#эXxSee Telia NA Opposition at 16. Telia AB's license requires it to maintain records concerning the prices, terms, and conditions upon which it provides service and to provide the NPTA with any information  {O-necessary for the NPTA to supervise the telecommunications market. Id. at 6, n. 15.(#Ʀ Further, we find no evidence in the record that Telia AB has improperly crosssubsidized retail rates with revenues from its interconnection rates, as MCI suggests. We note that such crosssubsidization would be actionable as an abuse of dominant position under the  S8-Competition Act.$?8D] {O -#X\  P6G;P#эXxSee Telia NA Opposition at 9. Telia states that cross subsidization is an example of "abuse of dominant position" in the telecommunications sector under the EC Competition Guidelines.(#$  S-x28.` ` Disclosure of Network Information. Telia NA states that Telia AB's license requires it to use standard network interfaces. MCI, however, argues that this license condition is inadequate, noting that Telia AB's competitors have complained that it does not provide timely and nondiscriminatory disclosure of technical information needed for interconnection. Telia NA replies that MCI refers to a complaint by Telenordia that Telia AB does not disclose technical information used in designing its facilities, not that it does not disclose technical information needed to  S -interconnect with Telia AB's facilities.p@ ] {O6-#X\  P6G;P#эXxId. at 18.(#p  S -x29.` ` The record suggests there are adequate requirements to ensure that carriers receive the technical network information necessary to interconnect with Telia AB. Telia AB's license requires it to use standard interfaces established by the NPTA or the International Telecommunications Union.  S0-These interfaces are available from the NPTA or Telia.iA00 ] {O-#X\  P6G;P#эXxId.(#i In addition, Telia AB's Model Interconnect Agreement provides that such information is available upon request and provides a timeframe for the  S-establishment of points of interconnection.B ] {OB-#X\  P6G;P#эXxTelia NA Application at Appendix Three (Model Interconnection Agreement, Appendices 5 and 7).(# Furthermore, no party has offered specific evidence that any carrier has been denied the technical information needed to operate a telecommunications network  S-service in Sweden. CT ] yO!-#X\  P6G;P#эXxWe note that Tele2 has achieved a significant share of Sweden's international services market, which suggests that Tele2 has obtained sufficient information to interconnect.(#  Finally, the record indicates that withholding essential technical information  Sh-needed to interconnect is actionable under the Competition Act as an abuse of dominant position.Dh] {O$-#X\  P6G;P#эXxSee Telia NA Opposition at 9.(#ƃ The availability of such enforcement mechanisms is an additional guarantee that U.S. carriers have access to the technical information necessary to interconnect with Telia AB's network. " >D0*((R"Ԍ S-x30.` ` Safeguards for Carrier and Customer Proprietary Information. Telia claims that Swedish law protects the privacy of proprietary information. MCI, however, contends that the Swedish government has not acted to protect carrier and customer proprietary information and that privacy provisions in Swedish law have not prevented Telia from using information received as a  S`-result of its monopoly position to further its own business interests.|E`] {O-#X\  P6G;P#эXxMCI Petition at 1112.(#| Telia replies that MCI cites no instance in which Telia AB has used information about other carriers' use of its network to its advantage. Moreover, Telia contends that carriers can protect themselves against such actions through contractual provisions. In response, MCI states that Telia's claim that carriers can protect themselves against disclosure of confidential business information through contractual provisions is unpersuasive,  S-given that interconnecting carriers have little bargaining power.uFZ] {O -#X\  P6G;P#эXxMCI Reply at 8.(#u  SH -x31.` ` The record shows that Telia AB has an affirmative obligation under Swedish law to protect carrier and customer proprietary information. Section 25 of the Telecom Act provides that operators may not "forward or utilize" information concerning "telecommunications subscriptions"  S -without obtaining a customer's prior consent.G ] {O\-#X\  P6G;P#эXxSee Telia NA Application at 78.(#ƌ Contrary to MCI's contention, we find no evidence in the record to suggest that Telia AB has used carrier proprietary information to its advantage or that Sweden's privacy rules are not sufficient to safeguard against the misuse of carrier and customer  SX-proprietary information. HxX~] yOv-#X\  P6G;P#эXxMCI cites the MTC Green Paper as support for its claim. However, the Green Paper does not contain any specific allegations of misuse of carrier proprietary information by Telia AB. Rather, it cites a report from the Swedish National Audit Office which notes that "Telia's access to competing operators' business strategies and their customers, when these operators request quotes for leased lines from Telia," is an obstacle to competition in Sweden. MTC Green Paper at 17. This general concern stated in the MTC Green Paper is not a specific allegation of misuse of carrier or customer proprietary information by Telia AB, and we find no evidence of such misuse in the record.(#  If we receive information contradicting this conclusion, we will revisit the issue.  S-x32.` ` In sum, we find that competitive safeguards in Sweden are sufficient to protect U.S. carriers against anticompetitive practices, including crosssubsidization and the unauthorized disclosure of proprietary information. Also, Sweden's Competition Authority has sufficient authority to intervene (as explained in the next section) to protect competition. Further, Telia AB is required to provide the technical information necessary to interconnect, and there is no evidence in the record that Telia AB has failed to provide such information in a timely manner. We also note that the extent of competition in the Swedish facilitiesbased market for international services, and the successful negotiation of several interconnection agreements suggests that the Swedish regulatory environment, including its competitive safeguards, is conducive to competitive entry by U.S. carriers.  SP-x 33.` ` Regulatory framework. The fourth factor to be reviewed under the ECO analysis is whether there is an effective regulatory framework in Sweden to develop, implement and enforce legal requirements, interconnection arrangements and other competitive safeguards. The focus is on whether there is separation between the foreign regulator and the operator of international facilitiesbased" H0*((=" services, and whether there are fair and transparent regulatory procedures in the destination market. Sufficient separation between the operator and the regulator is necessary to ensure that the regulator is independent, empowered, and does not have a conflict of interest in regulating the operator. Transparent procedures allow competitors to know precisely what obligations are required of the  S`-incumbent dominant carrier and what rights they have to seek enforcement of such obligations.I`] {O-#X\  P6G;P#эXxForeign Carrier Entry Order, 11 FCC Rcd at 3894 ( 54).(#Ơ  S-x!34.` ` Telia states that Sweden has an effective regulatory framework which "affords" U.S.  S-carriers nondiscriminatory treatment.JZ] {O -#X\  P6G;P#эXxTelia NA Application at 8.(#ƀ Telia states that the 1993 Telecom Act separated the regulatory and operational functions of the Swedish national carrier Televerket into the NPTA and Telia AB. Telia states that under this statutory split, the NPTA is an independent regulatory body with significant authority. According to Telia, the NPTA is obligated to oversee interconnection agreements, and if necessary, to mediate interconnection disputes. It also has authority to issue and revoke licenses, request documents in order to ensure compliance with the Telecom Act, and issue  S -"injunctions and prohibitions."K ] {O-#X\  P6G;P#эXxId. Telia cites sections 5, 31, and 33 of the Telecom Act.(#ơ Telia also notes that Sweden's Competition Act applies to telecommunications and that the Competition Authority is empowered to prevent telecommunications  S -operators from engaging in discriminatory practices.L ~] {O-#X\  P6G;P#эXxTelia NA Application at at 9.(#ƃ  SX-x"35.` ` MCI argues that Telia has failed to demonstrate that there is an independent regulatory body in Sweden empowered to enforce competitive safeguards. MCI cites the fact that the NPTA and Telia still are owned by or are part of the government as evidence that the NPTA is not an  S-independent regulator.zM] {O-#X\  P6G;P#эXxMCI Petition at 56.(#z MCI also questions the effectiveness of the NPTA, stating that it has no  S-power to settle interconnection disputes or prescribe rates or tariffs.qN] {O-#X\  P6G;P#эXxId. at 67.(#q MCI also appears to question  S-the ability of the Competition Authority to handle complaints filed against Telia.qO4 ] {Od-#X\  P6G;P#эXxId. at 58.(#q  S@-x#36.` ` In response to MCI's assertions, Telia NA states that the NPTA has not bestowed any preferential treatment on Telia AB, nor has MCI offered evidence of such treatment. Telia NA states that the Government of Sweden regulates Telia AB on an arm's length basis, as demonstrated by the  S-criticisms of the Swedish regulatory regime in the MTC Green Paper cited repeatedly by MCI.P ] {O.$-#X\  P6G;P#эXxTelia NA Opposition at 5.(# Telia states that the MTC Green Paper demonstrates the Swedish Government's commitment to promoting  Sx-competition and to acting as an impartial, unbiased, and independent regulatory authority.iQxX ] {Op'-#X\  P6G;P#эXxId.(#i Telia also"xQ0*((" disputes MCI's claim that the NPTA and Competition Authority are ineffective. Telia states that the  S-NPTA has successfully mediated each of the three interconnection disputes that have come before it.=R] {O@-#X\  P6G;P#эXxId. at 6. Telia states that the first two mediations were completed in less than three and onehalf months  {O -from the date mediation was requested, and the third in less than two weeks. Id.(#=  S-With respect to the effectiveness of the Competition Authority, Telia NA states that the Competition Authority has the power to conclude interconnection disputes and can require an undertaking to terminate an abuse or request the Stockholm City Court to levy a fine of up to ten percent of a  S8-company's turnover from the prior year.rS8$] {O-#X\  P6G;P#эXxId. at 910.(#r Telia NA notes that the Competition Authority has taken  S-action against Telia AB with respect to interconnection on two occasions within the past two years.oT] {Of -#X\  P6G;P#эXxId. at 9.(#o  S-x$37.` ` Telia NA further argues that regulatory oversight in Sweden will improve as a result  S-of Sweden's membership in the European Union.sUH] {O-#X\  P6G;P#эXxId. at 1114.(#s Sweden states that as a result of its membership in the European Union, it will be required to conform its telecommunications regulatory regime to the  SH -European Union's Competition Directive by January 1, 1998.VH ] {O-#X\  P6G;P#эXxId. at 11; see supra, para. 22.(#ƌ In addition, Telia NA points to the fact that the European Commission has jurisdiction to investigate and prevent abuses of a dominant market position in the Swedish market that have an effect on trade between member states. Telia states that the presence of a second regulatory body will provide U.S. carriers with further assurance  S -that they will receive fair and nondiscriminatory treatment in the Swedish market.W l ] {O-#X\  P6G;P#эXxTelia NA Opposition at 1314.(#ƃ  SX-x%38.` ` Although we have concerns about the NPTA's lack of authority to resolve interconnection disputes, we nevertheless conclude that on balance there is sufficient regulatory oversight to protect and promote competition in the Swedish telecommunications market. As an initial matter, we note that the Commission's ECO test does not require a regulatory regime exactly patterned on that which exists in the United States. While the NPTA's authority to resolve interconnection disputes is limited, the Competition Authority has a significant role in preventing anticompetitive  Sh-practices in the telecommunications sector.zXh ] {O -#X\  P6G;P#эXxSee supra, para. 21.(#z Moreover, the Competition Authority has demonstrated a  S@-willingness to exercise its authorityzY@ ] {Op"-#X\  P6G;P#эXxSee supra, para. 21.(#z and, as Telia NA points out, the Swedish government has  S-demonstrated a commitment to ensuring that its regulatory regime is conducive to competitive entry.Z"] {O$-#X\  P6G;P#эXxSee MTC Green Paper (proposing revisions to the Telecom Act to, inter alia, strengthen and expand the authority of the NPTA).(# While we find that the current Swedish regulatory regime provides sufficient regulatory oversight, we note that the proposed changes to the Telecom Act to bring Sweden's regulatory regime into"|Z0*((B" compliance with the E.U. Competition Directive will give the NPTA additional authority to resolve interconnection disputes and mandate reasonable and nondiscriminatory interconnection. These changes will provide U.S. carriers with additional assurance that they will receive nondiscriminatory treatment in Sweden.  S8-x&39.` ` We are concerned about the Swedish government's ownership of Telia. We would  S-prefer to see separation of the regulator and operator. As we stated in the Foreign Carrier Entry  S-Order, absent sufficient separation between the operator and the regulator to ensure that the regulator is independent, empowered, and does not have a conflict of interest in regulating the operator, there is  S-little reason to believe that the regulator will not favor the operator.[] {O -#X\  P6G;P#эXxForeign Carrier Entry Order, 11 FCC Rcd at 3894 ( 54).(#Ơ We note, however, that contrary to MCI's suggestion, there is no indication in the record that the NPTA has granted preferential treatment to Telia. We therefore find, based on the record, that there is an effective regulatory framework in Sweden. We will, however, continue to monitor whether the NPTA remains an independent regulator and takes adequate action within its powers to address complaints against Telia.  S -x'40.` ` In summary, we find that ECO exists for international facilitiesbased operators in  S -Sweden. There are no de jure barriers to entry, and foreign ownership of international providers is unrestricted. U.S. carriers appear in practice to have the opportunity to obtain reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms to interconnect for the origination and termination of international calls. Competitive safeguards and an independent regulatory framework provide checks on the potential for abuse of market power. Finally, the fact that there are several facilitiesbased licensed international  S-service operators in Sweden is evidence that Sweden in fact offers U.S. carriers effective competitive opportunities to compete as international facilitiesbased carriers in that country today. However, because we have some concerns about the effectiveness of the Swedish interconnection regime, we specifically condition this Section 214 authorization on the publication of the actual interconnection prices negotiated by Telia NA's affiliate, Telia AB, as part of Telia AB's standard price list. We also condition this authorization on compliance with Telia AB's commitment to offer its national interconnection rate to all U.S. carriers that seek to terminate a full circuit in Telia AB's network in Sweden. If we obtain evidence that these conditions have been violated, we will revisit the issue of whether the public interest continues to be served by today's grant of Telia NA's application, or any future applications by Telia NA to add facilities on the U.S.Sweden route.  S-XxD.X` ` Other Public Interest Factors(#`  S-x(41.` ` The additional factors we consider relevant to Section 214 public interest analys k"I i k"I s include: the general significance of the proposed entry to the promotion of competition in the U.S. communications market; any national security, law enforcement, foreign policy, or trade concerns  S>-raised by the Executive Branch; and the presence of costbased accounting rates.|\>Z] {O8#-#]\  PCP#эXxId. at 3897 ( 62).(#|  S -x)42.` ` We find that there are no other countervailing public interest reasons to deny grant of Telia NA's application. The Executive Branch has not raised with us any concerns about Telia NA's application. We also note that at 8.5 cents, the U.S. settlement rates with Telia AB and Tele2 are among the lowest in the world. The only discussion of this issue in the record relates to that portion"v#\0*((%" of Telia NA's Application that seeks approval to provide endtoend service between the United States  S-and Sweden without the use of accounting rates.C]] yO@-#]\  PCP#эXxTelia NA contends that grant of its application would be in the public interest because it would promote competition and alternatives to the accounting rate system by allowing endtoend service between the  {O-United States and Sweden. Telia NA Application at 912. MCI disputes this contention, arguing that there is no way of knowing whether grant of the application would serve the public interest until the  {Ob-Commission has established its policy framework governing flexible accounting rate arrangements. MCI  {O,-Petition at 12. As noted above, n. 9, at the time comments were filed, the Commission had not yet  {O-adopted its Flexibility Order.(#C Because Telia NA has withdrawn that portion of its  S-application, we need not address the points raised by the parties on this issue.v^] {O` -#X\  P6G;P#эXxSee supra, n. 9.(#v  S`- IV. CONCLUSION ĐTP  S-x*43.` ` We conclude that grant of Telia NA's application for facilitiesbased service on the U.S.Sweden route is in the public interest. We find that U.S. carriers have effective competitive opportunities to provide international facilitiesbased service in Sweden. There are no legal barriers to entry or ownership of international service providers. A number of companies are currently registered to operate as international service providers in Sweden, and several of these presently operate on a facilitiesbasis, suggesting the absence of practical barriers to entry. Sweden's Telecom Act, Competition Act, its independent regulatory institutions, and current market conditions (particularly favorable toll interconnection rates) appear to provide adequate assurance of reasonable and nondiscriminatory interconnection and effective competitive safeguards at this time. We thus grant Telia NA's application subject to the conditions described below.  SX- V. ORDERING CLAUSES TP  S-x+44.` ` Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY CERTIFIED that the present and future public interest, convenience, and necessity require a grant of the present application, and IT IS ORDERED that application File No. ITC96545 IS GRANTED, and Telia NA is authorized to acquire and operate the following facilities for the provision of switched, private line, and other authorized services between the United States and Sweden: 5 DS3s in each of the following undersea cables: ODIN, Rioja, and TAT12.  S-  x,45.` ` IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that as a condition of this grant, Telia NA's affiliate, Telia AB, must publish, as part of its interconnection price list, the actual interconnection prices negotiated by Telia AB.  SP-x-46.` ` IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that as a condition of this grant, Telia NA's affiliate, Telia AB, must offer its domestic interconnection rate to all U.S. carriers that seek to terminate a full circuit in Telia AB's network in Sweden.  S-x.47.` ` IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Telia NA shall comply with Sections 43.51, 43.61, and 43.82 of the Commission's rules, 47 C.F.R.  43.51, 43.61 & 43.82. "`^0*(("Ԍ S-x/48.` ` IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Telia NA's authorization to provide private line service is limited to the provision of private line service only between the United States and Sweden, that is, private lines that originate in the United States and terminate in Sweden or that originate in Sweden and terminate in the United States. In addition, Telia NA may not connect private lines between the United States and Sweden to the public switched network at either the U.S. or Sweden end, or both, for the provision of international switched basic services, unless authorized to do so by the Commission in accordance with paragraphs (e)(4) and (e)(6) of Section 63.18 of the Commission's rules, 47 C.F.R.  63.18(e)(4) & (6) or except as provided in paragraph (e)(4)(ii) of Section 63.18, 47 C.F.R.  63.18(e)(4)(ii).  Sp-x049.` ` IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Telia NA shall be regulated as a dominant carrier on the U.S.Sweden route pursuant to Section 63.10 of the Commission's rules, 47 C.F.R.  63.10, and shall comply with the requirements of paragraph (c) of that section.  S -x150.` ` This THIS  Order is issued under Section 0.261 of the Commission's Rules, 47 C.F.R.  0.261 (1994), and is effective upon adoption. Petitions for reconsideration under Section 1.106, 47 C.F.R.  1.106 (1994), or applications for review under Section 1.115 of the Commission's Rules, 47  SX-C.F.R.  1.115 (1994), may be filed within thirty days of the public notice of this Order (see 47 C.F.R.  1.4(b)(2)).  x` `  hh@FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION x` `  hh@Ruth Milkman x` `  hh@Deputy Chief, International Bureau