Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2021

Industry Analysis Division Office of Economics & Analytics August 2023

This report is available for reference in the FCC’s Reference Information Center, 45 L Street NE, Washington, DC 20554. Copies may be purchased by contacting Best Copy and Printing, Inc., 45 L Street NE, Washington, DC 20554, telephone (800) 378-3160, or via their website at www.bcpiweb.com. The report can also be downloaded from the Internet Access Services Reports webpage at https://www.fcc.gov/internet-access- services-reports. To discuss the information in this report, please call (202) 418-0940 or send an e-mail to OEA-IADreports@fcc.gov.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1: OVERVIEW & HIGHLIGHTS	1
Introduction	1
Total Connections	2
Figure 1	Fixed and Mobile Connections by Speed 2018-2021	2
Connections by Speed	3
Figure 2(a) Distribution of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed.	3
Figure 2(b) Distribution of Fixed Connections by Upstream Speed	4
Figure 3	Fixed Connections by Speed 2018-2021	5
Number of Providers by Census Block	6
Figure 4	Percentages of Developed Census Blocks in which Providers
Report Deployment of Residential Fixed Broadband	6
Internet Access Subscribership	7
Figure 5	Fixed Connections 2006-2021	7
Other Report Highlights.	8
SECTION 2: SUMMARY STATISTICS - THE NATION	10
SECTION 3: SUMMARY STATISTICS - THE STATES	28
SECTION 4: SUMMARY STATISTICS - COUNTIES AND CENSUS TRACTS	38
SECTION 5: CORRELATION RESULTS - DEMOGRAPHIC MEASURES	48
Technical Notes	55
Glossary	58

SECTION 1: OVERVIEW & HIGHLIGHTS

Introduction

This report summarizes information about Internet access connections in the United States as of June 30, 2021 as collected by FCC Form 477. For purposes of this report, Internet access connections are those in service, over 200 kilobits per second (kbps) in at least one direction, and reported to the FCC through Form 477.1

The report includes data on total and residential Internet access connections by downstream and upstream speed, by technology, by geography, and over time. Section 2 of the report presents nationwide statistics, Section 3 provides state-level data, and Section 4 includes data on the subscribership differences among counties and census tracts.2 In addition, Section 5 of the report includes an analysis of the correlations between subscribership ratios and various demographic measures.3 Maps depicting the number of fixed connections per 1,000 households by census tract are available online at https://www.fcc.gov/internet- access-services-reports.

1 See the Technical Notes and Glossary at the end of this report for more-detailed information about the FCC Form 477 data collection and the meaning of terms used in this report.

2 The Commission began collecting census tract-level data for data as of December 31, 2008. See High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2008 (February 2010) at 1-4, available at http://www.fcc.gov/encyclopedia/high-speed-services-internet-access-reports (December 2008 High-Speed Report).

3 Publicly-available data that are too voluminous to include in this report are available online at https://www.fcc.gov/general/fcc-form-477-additional-data.

Total Connections

As shown in Figure 1, total Internet connections increased by about 4.2% between June 2020 and June 2021 to 500 million. Mobile Internet connections increased 4.2% year-over-year to 377 million in June 2021, while fixed connections grew to 123 million – up about 4.2% from June 2020.

Figure 1
Fixed and Mobile Connections 2018-2021

480.2
118.4

490.9
121.3

500.3
123.4

451.1

459.3
112.7

466.3
114.3

428.9
109.1

110.8

376.8

361.7

369.6

340.3

346.6

352.0

319.8

550

500

450

400

Connections in Millions

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
Jun 2018

Dec 2018

Jun 2019

Dec 2019
Fixed Mobile

Jun 2020

Dec 2020

Jun 2021

Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Connections include both residential and business connections. We believe mobile Internet connections remain underreported by as much as 2% through June 2018 due to inadequate accounting of connections sold by downstream mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs).
Source: FCC Form 477.

Connections by Speed

Fixed connections – downstream speeds. Figure 2(a) illustrates how the 123 million fixed connections reported for June 2021 were distributed across the five groups of downstream speeds defined by breakpoints at 10 Mbps, 25 Mbps, 100 Mbps, and 940 Mbps. See Figure 9 for more detail.

Figure 2(a)
Distribution of Fixed Connections (123.4 million) by Downstream Speed as of June 30, 2021

5.5%

11.4%

7.3%

18.5%

57.3%

Downstream Speed	Less than 10 Mbps (6.8 million)
At least 10 Mbps & less than 25 Mbps (9.0 million) At least 25 Mbps & less than 100 Mbps (22.8 million)
At least 100 Mbps & less than 940 Mbps (70.7 million) At least 940 Mbps (14.1 million)
Note: Numbers may not sum to total due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

Fixed connections – upstream speeds. Figure 2(b) illustrates how the 123 million fixed connections reported for June 2021 were distributed across the five groups of upstream speeds defined by breakpoints at 1 Mbps, 3 Mbps, 20 Mbps, and 500 Mbps. See Figure 9 for more detail.

Figure 2(b)
Distribution of Fixed Connections (123.4 million) by Upstream Speed as of June 30, 2021

4.0% 7.6%
7.6%

26.4%

54.4%

Upstream Speed	Less than 1 Mbps (4.9 million)

At least 1 Mbps & less than 3 Mbps (9.3 million) At least 3 Mbps & less than 20 Mbps (67.2 million)

At least 20 Mbps & less than 500 Mbps (32.6 million) At least 500 Mbps (9.4 million)
Note: Numbers may not sum to total due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

Fixed connections by downstream speed over time. Figure 3 illustrates how the composition of total fixed Internet connections by different speed groups has changed from 2018 to 2021.

Figure 3
Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed 2018-2021

121.3
12.0

123.4
14.1

109.1

110.8

49.6

56.6

112.7
4.6
59.7

114.3
6.0

118.4
8.6

64.1

66.6

69.0

70.7

28.1

24.4

24.1

22.1

23.6

22.6

22.8

16.0

14.7

13.9

13.1

11.2

10.3

9.0

12.8

11.5

10.4

9.0

8.4

7.4

6.8

100

Connections in Millions

50

0
Jun 2018

Dec 2018

Jun 2019
At least 940 Mbps

Dec 2019

Jun 2020

Dec 2020

Jun 2021

At least 100 Mbps and less than 940 Mbps At least 25 Mbps and less than 100 Mbps At least 10 Mbps and less than 25 Mbps Less than 10 Mbps

Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Connections include both residential and business connections.
Source: FCC Form 477.

The percentage of fixed connections with a downstream speed of at least 100 Mbps has grown from 48% (or 52 million connections) in June 2018 to 69% (or 85 million connections) in June 2021. Over the same period, the percentage of fixed connections with downstream speeds of less than 10 Mbps has decreased from 12% (or 13 million connections) in June 2018 to about 6% (or about 7 million connections) in June 2021.

Number of Providers by Census Block

In Figure 4, we show the percentage of “developed” census blocks – blocks that contain housing units – with zero, one, two, or three or more fixed broadband providers offering residential Internet access service at different speeds in June 2021. This information is taken from the block-level FCC Form 477 fixed broadband deployment data that the Commission began collecting in 2014.4 A provider that reports offering service in a particular census block may not offer service, or service at that speed, to all locations in the census block. Accordingly, the number of providers shown in Figure 4 does not necessarily reflect the number of choices available to a particular household and does not purport to measure competition.

Figure 4
Percentages of Developed Census Blocks in which Providers Reported the Deployment of Residential Fixed Broadband as of June 30, 2021

53

42

8

26

28

73

43

28

27

21

16

21

8

5

100

90

Percentage of Census Blocks with Housing Units

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
At least 10 Mbps* downstream and at least 1 Mbps upstream

At least 25 Mbps* downstream and at least 3 Mbps upstream

At least 100 Mbps downstream and at least 20 Mbps upstream

At least 940 Mbps downstream and at least 500 Mbps upstream

0 Providers	1 Provider	2 Providers	3+ Providers

* Satellite service providers are excluded from this analysis. Satellite service providers report offering internet access at bandwidths of at least 25 Mbps downstream and 3 Mbps upstream in 99.8% of developed Census blocks.

Note: Numbers may sum to totals due to rounding. Developed census blocks are those with housing units based on the 2010 census. Source: FCC Form 477.

4 Download these data and explore the interactive map at https://broadband477map.fcc.gov/#/.

Internet Access Subscribership

Figure 5 illustrates the number of total and residential fixed Internet access connections (connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction except mobile wireless connections), as well as the number of total fixed connections per 100 persons and the number of residential fixed connections per 100 households, since 2006.

Figure 5
Fixed Connections 2006-2021
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)

130,000

120,000

110,000

100,000

Connections in Thousands

90,000

80,000

70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0

100

90

80

Connections per 100 Units

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Residential Fixed Connections (left axis)	Total Fixed Connections (left axis)
Residential Fixed Connections per 100 Households (right axis)	Total Fixed Connections per 100 Population (right axis)

Between June 2011 and June 2021, total (business and residential) fixed connections grew from 87 million connections to 123 million connections – at a compound annual growth rate of 4% per year.5

Over the same ten-year period, residential fixed connections grew from 79 million connections to 114 million connections – also at a compound annual growth rate of 4% per year.

5 The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a smoothed rate of growth calculated in three steps: (1) divide the ending value by the beginning value; (2) raise the result of that division to a power equal to one divided by the number of years in the period (in this case, 10 years, so the power is 1/10); (3) subtract the number one from the result of the second step.

From June 2011 to June 2021, the number of residential fixed connections per 100 U.S. households increased from 65 to 86.6

Other Report Highlights

Typical speeds

The median downstream speed of all reported fixed connections was 200 Mbps and the median upstream speed was 10 Mbps. For residential fixed connections, the median downstream speed was 200 Mbps and the median upstream speed was 10 Mbps.

Residential connections

Residential fixed Internet access connections increased by about 4.3% between June 2020 and June 2021, to about 114 million. See Figure 7.

Residential (non-business) mobile wireless Internet access connections on mobile devices with data plans for full Internet access increased by about 2.5%, to 302 million, between June 2020 and June 2021. See Figure 7.

Approximately 94% of residential fixed connections had a speed of at least 10 Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream in June 2021, while 87% had a speed of at least 25 Mbps downstream and 3 Mbps upstream. About 70% percent of all residential fixed connections had a downstream speed of at least 100 Mbps. See Figures 10 and 29.

As a national average in June 2021, there were about 86 residential fixed connections with speeds of at least 10 Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream per 100 households; 79 residential fixed connections with speeds of at least 25 Mbps downstream and 3 Mbps upstream per 100 households; and 28 residential fixed connections with speeds of at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream per 100 households.7 See Figure 34.

6 We calculate residential fixed connections per 100 households using, in the denominator, U.S. household estimates from the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey (CPS) for July of each year and, for Puerto Rico and the other inhabited island areas, Census 2010 households for 2010 and later years and Census 2000 households for the earlier years. (The CPS also estimates U.S. households for March and November of each year.) Figure 5 also shows total (business and residential) fixed connections per 100 population, which we calculate using U.S. Census Bureau population estimates for the United States and Puerto Rico – which are as of July 1 each year – and, for the remaining inhabited island areas, Census 2010 population for 2010 and later years and Census 2000 population for the earlier years. This statistic incorporates connections to business locations into a comparison to persons. (We note that the ratio of accurately-measured residential fixed connections to population has a maximum value for any given country and point in time – the value when every household is connected – if we assume that no household would have more than one fixed connection to its premises. For the United States in June, for example, the maximum value would be 40 because there were about 133 million households in the United States and inhabited insular areas and a population of about 336 million according to the sources used for Figure 5.)

7 Increases over time in the ratio of residential fixed connections to households indicate that increasing shares of households are connected at home. The ratio is somewhat different from the “take rate” of offered service (which may also be called an “adoption rate”) because some households may be located in areas where no fixed-location service is offered. These methodological differences are discussed in greater detail in Inquiry Concerning the Deployment of Advanced Telecommunications Capability to All Americans in a Reasonable and Timely Fashion, and Possible Steps to Accelerate Such Deployment Pursuant to Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996,

Census tract and county shares of households with reportable connections

We estimate the share of households with fixed Internet access connections in individual census tracts and counties as of June 30, 2021.8 We continue to observe substantial variation among these estimates. See Figures 39 and 41.

Household subscribership rates and demographics

The report includes charts that illustrate correlations between household subscribership rates and demographic measures. We update charts based on income, household density, education and age. The data indicate that some demographic variables are correlated with Internet access subscribership rates. See Figures 46-51.

Amended by the Broadband Data Improvement Act, GN Docket No.11-121, Eighth Broadband Progress Report, 27 FCC Rcd 10342, 10386, para. 94 (2012).

8 For both census tracts and counties, we continue to find estimates above 100% for the share of households with fixed Internet access connections. See p. 57 for more information.

SECTION 2
SUMMARY STATISTICS: THE NATION

Table of Contents
Figure 6	Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2017-2021	12
Figure 7	Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One
Direction 2017-2021	12
Figure 8	Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed 2018-2021	13
Figure 9	Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One
Direction as of June 30, 2021	14
Figure 10	Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least
One Direction as of June 30, 2021	15
Figure 11	Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology
2017-2021	16
Figure 12	Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2021	16
Figure 13	Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by
Technology 2016-2020	17
Figure 14	Residential Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2021	17
Figure 15	Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2017-2021	18
Figure 16	Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2021	18
Figure 17	Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2017-2021	19
Figure 18	Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps
by Technology as of June 30, 2021	19
Figure 19	Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2017-2021	20
Figure 20	Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2021	20
Figure 21	Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2017-2021	21
Figure 22	Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2021	21
Figure 23	Fixed Connections at Least 100 Mbps Downstream and 20 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2017-2021	22
Figure 24	Fixed Connections at Least 100 Mbps Downstream and 20 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2021	22
Figure 25	Residential Fixed Connections at Least 100 Mbps Downstream and 20 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2017-2021	23

Figure 26	Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2021	23
Figure 27	Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2017-2021 (Shares of Selected Technologies)	24
Figure 28	Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2017-2021 (Net Adds for Selected Technologies)	24
Figure 29	Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2021
(Shares of Selected Technologies for Selected Speeds)	25
Figure 30	Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of
June 30, 2021	26
Figure 31	Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology
as of June 30, 2021	27
Figure 32	Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least
One Direction by Technology 2017-2021	28
Figure 33	Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least
One Direction - Selected Technologies 2017-2021	28

Figure 6
Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2017-2021
(in thousands)

	2017			2018			2019			2020		2021	
Technology	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun	
Total	408,692	420,838	428,864	451,062	459,327	466,302	480,185	490,888	500,261	
Total Fixed	106,130	108,065	109,087	110,784	112,725	114,291	118,449	121,250	123,425	
Mobile Wireless	302,562	312,773	319,776	340,278	346,603	352,012	361,737	369,638	376,835	

Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

Figure 7
Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2017-2021
(in thousands)

	2017			2018			2019			2020		2021	
Technology	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun	
Total	341,094	351,966	358,867	378,286	383,605	388,344	403,212	407,652	415,260	
Total Fixed	97,071	98,845	99,758	101,348	103,118	104,703	108,909	111,621	113,581	
Mobile Wireless	244,022	253,121	259,109	276,938	280,486	283,641	294,303	296,031	301,679	

Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

Figure 8
Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed 2018-2021

108.9
8.3

111.6
11.5

113.6
13.6

99.8

47.5

101.3
3.3
54.1

103.1
4.4

104.7
5.7

56.6

60.6

63.0

64.9

66.2

24.6

21.0

20.9

19.0

20.7

19.8

20.2

14.5

13.3

12.6

11.8

10.1

9.2

8.0

10.7

9.6

8.7

7.5

6.9

6.1

5.6

100

Connections in Millions

50

0
Jun 2018

Dec 2018

Jun 2019
At least 940 Mbps

Dec 2019

Jun 2020

Dec 2020

Jun 2021

At least 100 Mbps and less than 940 Mbps At least 25 Mbps and less than 100 Mbps At least 10 Mbps and less than 25 Mbps Less than 10 Mbps

Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

>= 3 Mbps & < 20 Mbps
15.1%

>= 20 Mbps
2.8%

Figure 9
Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2021

>= 3 Mbps & < 20 Mbps 1.7%
< 3 Mbps
5.6%

< 3 Mbps
5.3%

>= 20 Mbps
19.9%

>= 20 Mbps
11.3%

>= 3 Mbps & < 20 Mbps
37.3%

Downstream Speed

Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds.

< 10 Mbps; 5.5%
>= 25 Mbps & < 100 Mbps; 18.5%
>= 940 Mbps; 11.4%

>= 10 Mbps & < 25 Mbps; 7.3%
>= 100 Mbps & < 940 Mbps; 57.3%

Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands)

Downstream Speed

Less than

At least 10 Mbps
and less than 25

At least 25 Mbps
and less than 100

At least 100 Mbps
and less than 940

At least 940

Upstream Speed	10 Mbps	Mbps	Mbps	Mbps	Mbps	Total	
Less than 3 Mbps	6,578	6,857	784	11	#	14,229	
At least 3 Mbps & Less than 20 Mbps	211	2,122	18,647	46,083	90	67,152	
At least 20 Mbps	5	65	3,412	24,593	13,970	42,044	
Total	6,793	9,043	22,842	70,687	14,061	123,425	

Percentages	
Less than 3 Mbps	5.3	5.6	0.6	0.0	0.0	11.5	
At least 3 Mbps & Less than 20 Mbps	0.2	1.7	15.1	37.3	0.1	54.4	
At least 20 Mbps	0.0	0.1	2.8	19.9	11.3	34.1	
Total	5.5	7.3	18.5	57.3	11.4	100.0	

Figure 10
Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2021

>= 3 Mbps & < 20 Mbps
14.6%

>= 20 Mbps
2.6%

>= 3 Mbps & < 20 Mbps 1.7%
< 3 Mbps
5.4%

< 3 Mbps
4.8%

>= 20 Mbps
11.9%

>= 3 Mbps & < 20 Mbps
38.9%

>= 20 Mbps
19.4%

Downstream Speed

Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds.

< 10 Mbps; 4.9%
>= 25 Mbps & < 100 Mbps; 17.8%
>= 940 Mbps; 11.9%

>= 10 Mbps & < 25 Mbps; 7.1%
>= 100 Mbps & < 940 Mbps; 58.3%

Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands)

Downstream Speed

Less than

At least 10 Mbps
and less than 25

At least 25 Mbps
and less than 100

At least 100 Mbps
and less than 940

At least 940

Upstream Speed	10 Mbps	Mbps	Mbps	Mbps	Mbps	Total	
Less than 3 Mbps	5,445	6,106	722	11	#	12,284	
At least 3 Mbps & Less than 20 Mbps	123	1,894	16,552	44,215	88	62,870	
At least 20 Mbps	3	24	2,944	21,989	13,467	38,427	
Total	5,571	8,024	20,218	66,215	13,554	113,581	

Percentages	
Less than 3 Mbps	4.8	5.4	0.6	0.0	0.0	10.8	
At least 3 Mbps & Less than 20 Mbps	0.1	1.7	14.6	38.9	0.1	55.4	
At least 20 Mbps	0.0	0.0	2.6	19.4	11.9	33.8	
Total	4.9	7.1	17.8	58.3	11.9	100.0	

Figure 11
Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2017-2021
(in thousands)

2017	2018	2019	2020	2021

Technology	Jun	Dec	Jun	Dec	Jun	Dec	Jun	Dec	Jun	
Total	408,692	420,838	428,864	451,062	459,327	466,302	480,185	490,888	500,261	
Total Fixed	106,130	108,065	109,087	110,784	112,725	114,291	118,449	121,250	123,425	
aDSL	25,505	24,193	23,074	22,377	21,163	20,214	19,639	18,786	18,085	
sDSL	44	28	28	20	17	16	19	13	18	
Other Wireline1	619	581	558	557	501	525	516	527	517	
Cable Modem	64,060	66,196	67,165	68,882	70,750	72,516	75,986	77,909	79,330	
FTTP2	12,831	13,890	14,889	15,492	16,748	17,376	18,443	19,945	21,120	
Satellite	1,826	1,872	1,939	1,971	1,984	1,975	1,993	1,931	1,910	
Fixed Wireless	1,245	1,306	1,434	1,485	1,561	1,669	1,853	2,140	2,445	
Mobile Wireless	302,562	312,773	319,776	340,278	346,603	352,012	361,737	369,638	376,835	

1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2 Fiber to the premises.
Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

Figure 13
Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2017-2021
(in thousands)

	2017			2018			2019			2020		2021	
Technology	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun	
Total	341,094	351,966	358,867	378,286	383,605	388,344	403,212	407,652	415,260	
Total Fixed	97,071	98,845	99,758	101,348	103,118	104,703	108,909	111,621	113,581	
aDSL	22,774	21,653	20,671	20,126	18,976	18,159	17,647	16,920	16,278	
sDSL	12	9	9	4	4	5	7	3	4	
Other Wireline1	74	67	74	76	62	74	64	59	63	
Cable Modem	59,687	61,567	62,320	63,813	65,457	67,141	70,710	72,543	73,844	
FTTP2	11,776	12,702	13,663	14,205	15,410	16,011	16,971	18,384	19,414	
Satellite	1,637	1,688	1,751	1,787	1,805	1,795	1,815	1,752	1,728	
Fixed Wireless	1,112	1,158	1,270	1,338	1,405	1,520	1,694	1,958	2,251	
Mobile Wireless	244,022	253,121	259,109	276,938	280,486	283,641	294,303	296,031	301,679	

1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2 Fiber to the premises.
Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

Figure 15
Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2017-2021
(in thousands)

		2017			2018			2019			2020		2021	
Technology	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun	
Total	86,886	90,609	94,071	97,302	100,464	103,595	109,159	112,445	115,772	
aDSL	11,321	11,598	11,822	12,038	11,829	11,704	12,421	11,760	12,017	
sDSL	14	9	11	6	5	5	8	4	7	
Other Wireline1	246	262	271	292	261	301	307	323	323	
Cable Modem	61,704	63,978	65,808	67,716	69,704	71,934	75,391	77,513	79,035	
FTTP2	11,811	12,869	13,898	14,815	16,078	16,854	17,993	19,555	20,813	
Satellite	1,373	1,402	1,595	1,677	1,726	1,737	1,778	1,727	1,717	
Fixed Wireless	418	491	666	759	861	1,059	1,263	1,564	1,860	

1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2 Fiber to the premises. # = Rounds to zero.
Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

Figure 17
Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2017-2021
(in thousands)

		2017			2018			2019			2020		2021	
Technology	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun	
Total	80,671	84,163	86,973	89,873	92,698	95,649	101,201	104,199	107,212	
aDSL	10,415	10,657	10,862	11,073	10,812	10,682	11,374	10,761	11,003	
sDSL	6	5	6	2	1	2	4	1	2	
Other Wireline1	71	64	65	68	58	70	61	56	61	
Cable Modem	57,617	59,864	61,142	62,810	64,556	66,691	70,299	72,215	73,611	
FTTP2	10,835	11,762	12,741	13,589	14,800	15,536	16,566	18,042	19,145	
Satellite	1,362	1,387	1,575	1,655	1,702	1,708	1,745	1,691	1,676	
Fixed Wireless	365	425	582	676	768	960	1,151	1,433	1,714	

1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2 Fiber to the premises. # = Rounds to zero.
Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

Figure 19
Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2017-2021
(in thousands)

		2017			2018			2019			2020		2021	
Technology	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun	
Total	68,280	73,875	78,952	82,965	86,744	90,471	96,984	101,630	106,794	
aDSL	2,530	3,586	4,298	4,988	5,233	5,523	5,910	6,237	6,397	
sDSL	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	2	
Other Wireline1	203	219	203	228	220	263	273	286	288	
Cable Modem	54,829	57,870	60,859	62,880	64,938	67,171	71,856	74,169	77,502	
FTTP2	10,344	11,489	12,568	13,605	14,902	15,866	17,076	18,840	20,171	
Satellite	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	1,328	
Fixed Wireless	120	143	224	267	325	449	571	804	1,105	

1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2 Fiber to the premises.
* = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. # = Rounds to zero.
Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

Figure 21
Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2017-2021
(in thousands)

		2017			2018			2019			2020		2021	
Technology	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun	
Total	64,520	69,447	73,288	76,873	80,256	83,725	90,170	94,451	99,254	
aDSL	2,418	3,410	4,068	4,712	4,911	5,168	5,538	5,871	6,008	
sDSL	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	1	
Other Wireline1	67	59	54	61	53	64	56	51	58	
Cable Modem	52,154	54,748	56,620	58,342	60,125	62,231	67,017	69,098	72,268	
FTTP2	9,532	10,553	11,570	12,546	13,780	14,690	15,781	17,445	18,615	
Satellite	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	1,288	
Fixed Wireless	101	119	193	234	283	400	512	727	1,015	

1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2 Fiber to the premises.
* = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. # = Rounds to zero.
Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

Figure 23
Fixed Connections at Least 100 Mbps Downstream and 20 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2017-2021
(in thousands)

		2017			2018			2019			2020		2021	
Technology	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun	
Total	9,676	12,148	14,619	18,750	22,217	25,603	29,554	34,493	38,563	
aDSL	16	47	59	207	387	569	658	774	867	
sDSL	1	1	1	1	#	*	*	*	*	
Other Wireline1	174	192	174	196	178	211	213	217	218	
Cable Modem	6,055	7,149	8,352	9,466	11,426	13,088	15,496	18,420	20,924	
FTTP2	3,403	4,729	5,976	8,815	10,146	11,634	13,071	14,933	16,373	
Satellite	0	0	0	0	0	*	*	*	*	
Fixed Wireless	28	30	56	65	79	101	116	143	180	

1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2 Fiber to the premises.
* = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. # = Rounds to zero.
Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

Figure 25
Residential Fixed Connections at Least 100 Mbps Downstream and 20 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2017-2021
(in thousands)

		2017			2018			2019			2020		2021	
Technology	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun	
Total	8,879	11,030	13,171	17,101	20,322	23,469	27,164	31,773	35,456	
aDSL	15	42	53	194	344	512	594	733	820	
sDSL	#	#	#	#	#	*	*	*	*	
Other Wireline1	61	53	46	47	27	36	27	20	21	
Cable Modem	5,695	6,591	7,491	8,512	10,312	11,883	14,157	16,843	19,128	
FTTP2	3,089	4,324	5,534	8,292	9,574	10,952	12,288	14,055	15,329	
Satellite	0	0	0	0	0	*	*	*	*	
Fixed Wireless	20	20	47	56	65	86	98	118	158	

1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
2 Fiber to the premises.
* = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. # = Rounds to zero.
Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission

24

Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2021

Connections in Thousands

Percentage of Residential Fixed Connections

Figure 29
Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2021 (Shares of selected technologies for selected speeds, connections in thousands)
Connections	113,581	107,212	99,254	35,456	8,105

3.6

3.2

17.9

2.4
18.8

43.2

97.0

17.1

65.0

68.7

72.8

53.9

14.3

10.3

6.1

2.3

2.4

100

90

80

Estimated Percentage of Households

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Over 200 kbps in at least one direction

At least 10 Mbps downstream and at least 1 Mbps upstream

At least 25 Mbps downstream and at least 3 Mbps upstream

At least 100 Mbps downstream and at least 20 Mbps upstream

At least 940 Mbps downstream and at least 500 Mbps upstream

aDSL

Cable Modem

FTTP

All Other Fixed

Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

Figure 30
Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2021
(in thousands)

Downstream Speed
At least 100

Technology

Less than 4 Mbps

At least 4 Mbps and less than 10 Mbps

At least 10 Mbps and less than
25 Mbps

At least 25 Mbps and less than 100 Mbps

Mbps and less than
940 Mbps

At least 940
Mbps	Total

aDSL	2,246	2,980	5,886	5,894	1,079	#	18,085	
sDSL	*	2	*	*	*	*	18	
Other Wireline1	164	31	31	42	223	27	517	
Cable Modem	171	116	1,376	11,277	60,721	5,670	79,330	
FTTP	98	199	610	3,458	8,442	8,314	21,120	
Satellite	*	36	*	*	*	0	1,910	
Fixed Wireless	213	372	746	919	145	51	2,445	
Total	3,059	3,735	9,043	22,842	70,687	14,061	123,425	

Percentages	
aDSL	1.8	2.4	4.8	4.8	0.9	0.0	14.7	
sDSL	*	0.0	*	*	*	*	0.0	
Other Wireline1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.4	
Cable Modem	0.1	0.1	1.1	9.1	49.2	4.6	64.3	
FTTP	0.1	0.2	0.5	2.8	6.8	6.7	17.1	
Satellite	*	0.0	*	*	*	0.0	1.5	
Fixed Wireless	0.2	0.3	0.6	0.7	0.1	0.0	2.0	
Total	2.5	3.0	7.3	18.5	57.3	11.4	100.0	

1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
# = Rounds to Zero.
* = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons.
Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

Figure 31
Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2021
(in thousands)

Downstream Speed
At least 100

Technology

Less than 4 Mbps

At least 4 Mbps and less than 10 Mbps

At least 10 Mbps and less than
25 Mbps

At least 25 Mbps and less than 100 Mbps

Mbps and less than
940 Mbps

At least 940
Mbps	Total

aDSL	1,882	2,611	5,249	5,519	1,017	#	16,278	
sDSL	*	#	*	*	*	*	4	
Other Wireline1	1	1	3	6	29	23	63	
Cable Modem	150	75	1,193	9,643	57,305	5,479	73,844	
FTTP	81	179	500	2,984	7,660	8,009	19,414	
Satellite	*	*	*	*	*	0	1,728	
Fixed Wireless	190	347	690	852	128	43	2,251	
Total	2,324	3,247	8,024	20,218	66,215	13,554	113,581	

Percentages	
aDSL	1.7	2.3	4.6	4.9	0.9	0.0	14.3	
sDSL	*	0.0	*	*	*	*	0.0	
Other Wireline1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	
Cable Modem	0.1	0.1	1.1	8.5	50.5	4.8	65.0	
FTTP	0.1	0.2	0.4	2.6	6.7	7.1	17.1	
Satellite	*	*	*	*	*	0.0	1.5	
Fixed Wireless	0.2	0.3	0.6	0.8	0.1	0.0	2.0	
Total	2.0	2.9	7.1	17.8	58.3	11.9	100.0	

1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
# = Rounds to Zero.
* = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons.
Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

Number of Providers

Figure 32
Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2017-2021

	2017			2018			2019			2020		2021	
Technology	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun		Dec	Jun	
aDSL	768	743	738	721	715	691	677	653	638	
sDSL	161	150	136	127	123	121	118	106	102	
Other Wireline1	243	235	249	243	222	211	215	209	203	
Cable Modem	384	383	372	381	381	373	365	368	362	
FTTP	1,103	1,147	1,183	1,269	1,309	1,330	1,377	1,441	1,477	
Satellite	5	6	6	6	6	5	5	6	6	
Fixed Wireless	1,095	1,160	1,188	1,239	1,248	1,280	1,312	1,396	1,383	
Mobile Wireless	98	83	73	71	70	67	64	64	63	
Total	2,030	2,090	2,129	2,215	2,223	2,247	2,279	2,381	2,392	
1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline for confidentiality reasons.
Note: Multiple FCC Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider. Some previously-published data may have been revised. Source: FCC Form 477.

SECTION 3
SUMMARY STATISTICS: THE STATES

Table of Contents
Figure 34	Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2021	30
Figure 35	Connections by Type of End User by State as of June 30, 2021	32
Figure 36	Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2021	33
Figure 37	Percentage of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed by State
as of June 30, 2021	35
Figure 38	Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2021	37

Figure 34
Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2021
(Connections and households, in thousands)

At least 200 kbps in at least One Direction
Subscribership

At least 10 Mbps Down and 1 Mbps Up
Subscribership

At least 25 Mbps Down and 3 Mbps Up
Subscribership

At least 100 Mbps Down and 20 Mbps Up
Subscribership

At least 940 Mbps Down and 500 Mbps Up
Subscribership

State	Households	Connections	Ratio	Connections	Ratio	Connections	Ratio	Connections	Ratio	Connections	Ratio	
Alabama	1,903	1,577	0.83	1,429	0.75	1,267	0.67	433	0.23	112	0.06	
Alaska	261	232	0.89	213	0.82	158	0.61	*	*	*	*	
American Samoa	10	*	*	*	*	*	*	0	0.00	0	0.00	
Arizona	2,684	2,465	0.92	2,323	0.87	2,113	0.79	475	0.18	*	*	
Arkansas	1,158	925	0.80	806	0.70	683	0.59	254	0.22	53	0.05	
California	13,218	12,483	0.94	11,974	0.91	11,204	0.85	3,251	0.25	550	0.04	
Colorado	2,228	2,150	0.97	2,048	0.92	1,893	0.85	414	0.19	118	0.05	
Connecticut	1,397	1,332	0.95	1,279	0.92	1,141	0.82	377	0.27	28	0.02	
Delaware	381	391	1.03	383	1.01	381	1.00	129	0.34	*	*	
District of Columbia	310	283	0.91	276	0.89	274	0.88	118	0.38	*	*	
Florida	8,157	8,133	1.00	7,809	0.96	7,445	0.91	2,756	0.34	390	0.05	
Georgia	3,885	3,522	0.91	3,308	0.85	3,046	0.78	1,322	0.34	350	0.09	
Guam	42	*	*	*	*	*	*	0	0.00	0	0.00	
Hawaii	478	494	1.03	481	1.01	*	*	*	*	*	*	
Idaho	657	597	0.91	529	0.80	411	0.62	176	0.27	23	0.04	
Illinois	4,930	4,238	0.86	4,015	0.81	3,690	0.75	1,386	0.28	129	0.03	
Indiana	2,623	2,245	0.86	2,064	0.79	1,875	0.71	718	0.27	125	0.05	
Iowa	1,276	1,075	0.84	966	0.76	839	0.66	317	0.25	32	0.03	
Kansas	1,140	988	0.87	914	0.80	812	0.71	301	0.26	111	0.10	
Kentucky	1,749	1,506	0.86	1,375	0.79	1,225	0.70	439	0.25	71	0.04	
Louisiana	1,749	1,453	0.83	1,337	0.76	1,185	0.68	381	0.22	75	0.04	
Maine	571	584	1.02	532	0.93	452	0.79	54	0.10	1	0.00	
Maryland	2,294	2,166	0.94	2,117	0.92	2,083	0.91	875	0.38	*	*	
Massachusetts	2,714	2,556	0.94	2,498	0.92	2,476	0.91	731	0.27	*	*	
Michigan	3,977	3,507	0.88	3,308	0.83	3,072	0.77	858	0.22	72	0.02	
Minnesota	2,229	1,999	0.90	1,855	0.83	1,673	0.75	378	0.17	54	0.02	
Mississippi	1,109	841	0.76	738	0.67	593	0.53	224	0.20	76	0.07	
Missouri	2,434	2,073	0.85	1,852	0.76	1,626	0.67	669	0.27	183	0.08	
Montana	436	394	0.90	349	0.80	295	0.68	50	0.11	7	0.02	
Nebraska	767	666	0.87	624	0.81	561	0.73	177	0.23	30	0.04	

Figure 34 - Continued
Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2021
(Connections and households, in thousands)

At least 200 kbps in at least One Direction
Subscribership

At least 10 Mbps Down and 1 Mbps Up
Subscribership

At least 25 Mbps Down and 3 Mbps Up
Subscribership

At least 100 Mbps Down and 20 Mbps Up
Subscribership

At least 940 Mbps Down and 500 Mbps Up
Subscribership

State	Households	Connections	Ratio	Connections	Ratio	Connections	Ratio	Connections	Ratio	Connections	Ratio	
Nevada	1,142	1,084	0.95	1,032	0.90	969	0.85	238	0.21	36	0.03	
New Hampshire	541	569	1.05	544	1.01	513	0.95	128	0.24	5	0.01	
New Jersey	3,397	3,214	0.95	3,161	0.93	3,123	0.92	1,843	0.54	*	*	
New Mexico	798	697	0.87	609	0.76	514	0.64	80	0.10	7	0.01	
New York	7,530	6,766	0.90	6,649	0.88	6,380	0.85	3,662	0.49	930	0.12	
North Carolina	4,035	3,844	0.95	3,525	0.87	3,310	0.82	1,186	0.29	285	0.07	
North Dakota	317	281	0.89	273	0.86	261	0.83	127	0.40	5	0.01	
Northern Mariana Isl	16	*	*	*	*	*	*	0	0.00	0	0.00	
Ohio	4,754	4,208	0.89	3,941	0.83	3,543	0.75	898	0.19	86	0.02	
Oklahoma	1,504	1,201	0.80	1,088	0.72	955	0.63	323	0.21	84	0.06	
Oregon	1,658	1,539	0.93	1,436	0.87	1,329	0.80	287	0.17	63	0.04	
Pennsylvania	5,148	4,622	0.90	4,347	0.84	4,227	0.82	1,372	0.27	*	*	
Puerto Rico	1,197	692	0.58	612	0.51	385	0.32	128	0.11	6	0.00	
Rhode Island	427	401	0.94	399	0.93	396	0.93	200	0.47	*	*	
South Carolina	1,976	1,851	0.94	1,747	0.88	1,592	0.81	601	0.30	79	0.04	
South Dakota	346	306	0.88	298	0.86	282	0.81	96	0.28	1	0.00	
Tennessee	2,665	2,319	0.87	2,189	0.82	2,030	0.76	891	0.33	235	0.09	
Texas	10,239	9,179	0.90	8,773	0.86	8,031	0.78	3,490	0.34	967	0.09	
Utah	1,034	975	0.94	928	0.90	850	0.82	248	0.24	73	0.07	
Vermont	263	268	1.02	235	0.89	196	0.75	38	0.14	13	0.05	
Virgin Islands	43	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	
Virginia	3,249	2,908	0.90	2,746	0.85	2,672	0.82	1,070	0.33	*	*	
Washington	2,932	2,802	0.96	2,614	0.89	2,436	0.83	509	0.17	126	0.04	
West Virginia	711	562	0.79	462	0.65	392	0.55	130	0.18	2	0.00	
Wisconsin	2,402	2,123	0.88	1,941	0.81	1,710	0.71	359	0.15	48	0.02	
Wyoming	231	213	0.92	194	0.84	174	0.76	22	0.10	2	0.01	
Total	125,319	113,581	0.91	107,212	0.86	99,254	0.79	35,456	0.28	8,105	0.06	

# = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Sources: FCC Form 477 (Connections); 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates; Census 2010.

Figure 35
Connections by Type of End User by State as of June 30, 2021
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)

Connections	Percentages
State	Residential	Business	Residential	Business	Total	
Alabama	5,784	1,434	80.1	19.9	7,218	
Alaska	890	143	86.2	13.8	1,033	
American Samoa	*	*	*	*	*	
Arizona	8,856	1,551	85.1	14.9	10,407	
Arkansas	3,379	865	79.6	20.4	4,244	
California	51,430	9,805	84.0	16.0	61,234	
Colorado	7,181	1,533	82.4	17.6	8,715	
Connecticut	4,742	933	83.6	16.4	5,676	
Delaware	1,283	261	83.1	16.9	1,543	
District of Columbia	1,083	635	63.0	37.0	1,718	
Florida	28,632	4,973	85.2	14.8	33,605	
Georgia	13,137	3,075	81.0	19.0	16,211	
Guam	*	*	*	*	*	
Hawaii	1,841	368	83.4	16.6	2,208	
Idaho	2,093	412	83.6	16.4	2,506	
Illinois	15,994	3,404	82.5	17.5	19,398	
Indiana	7,804	1,645	82.6	17.4	9,449	
Iowa	3,636	819	81.6	18.4	4,455	
Kansas	3,469	730	82.6	17.4	4,199	
Kentucky	5,146	955	84.3	15.7	6,101	
Louisiana	5,805	1,061	84.5	15.5	6,866	
Maine	1,545	466	76.8	23.2	2,011	
Maryland	7,986	1,436	84.8	15.2	9,421	
Massachusetts	8,823	1,830	82.8	17.2	10,653	
Michigan	12,233	2,513	83.0	17.0	14,746	
Minnesota	6,791	1,483	82.1	17.9	8,273	
Mississippi	3,494	682	83.7	16.3	4,176	
Missouri	7,356	1,504	83.0	17.0	8,860	
Montana	1,193	343	77.7	22.3	1,537	
Nebraska	2,204	603	78.5	21.5	2,807	
Nevada	4,042	602	87.0	13.0	4,644	
New Hampshire	1,654	428	79.4	20.6	2,082	
New Jersey	12,111	2,233	84.4	15.6	14,344	
New Mexico	2,571	486	84.1	15.9	3,056	
New York	25,886	5,776	81.8	18.2	31,662	
North Carolina	12,393	2,931	80.9	19.1	15,324	
North Dakota	883	238	78.8	21.2	1,121	
Northern Mariana Isl	*	*	*	*	*	
Ohio	14,356	3,136	82.1	17.9	17,491	
Oklahoma	4,728	877	84.4	15.6	5,605	
Oregon	5,179	1,125	82.2	17.8	6,304	
Pennsylvania	15,601	3,432	82.0	18.0	19,033	
Puerto Rico	3,857	282	93.2	6.8	4,139	
Rhode Island	1,391	298	82.4	17.6	1,689	
South Carolina	6,016	1,366	81.5	18.5	7,382	
South Dakota	967	262	78.7	21.3	1,229	
Tennessee	8,161	1,937	80.8	19.2	10,098	
Texas	37,685	6,469	85.3	14.7	44,154	
Utah	3,599	791	82.0	18.0	4,391	
Vermont	715	240	74.9	25.1	955	
Virgin Islands	110	13	89.4	10.6	123	
Virginia	10,399	2,518	80.5	19.5	12,917	
Washington	9,573	1,948	83.1	16.9	11,521	
West Virginia	1,959	355	84.6	15.4	2,314	
Wisconsin	6,731	1,478	82.0	18.0	8,208	
Wyoming	681	181	79.0	21.0	862	
Total	415,260	85,000	83.0	17.0	500,261	

# = Rounds to Zero.
* = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons.
Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

Figure 36
Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2021
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)

State	
ADSL	
SDSL	Other Wireline1	Cable Modem	
Fiber	
Satellite	Fixed Wireless	Mobile Wireless	
Total	
Alabama	382	*	4	981	270	*	15	5,504	7,218	
Alaska	66	#	8	*	14	*	19	763	1,033	
American Samoa	0	0	0	*	*	0	*	*	*	
Arizona	547	*	11	1,757	201	*	80	7,769	10,407	
Arkansas	315	*	2	468	155	*	16	3,238	4,244	
California	2,117	4	79	9,459	1,622	129	227	47,598	61,234	
Colorado	*	#	17	1,567	226	*	104	6,386	8,715	
Connecticut	*	*	2	1,167	51	*	*	4,224	5,676	
Delaware	*	*	*	279	*	*	2	*	1,543	
District of Columbia	*	*	6	*	*	*	6	1,399	1,718	
Florida	1,122	*	19	6,182	1,364	*	42	24,795	33,605	
Georgia	768	#	*	2,253	722	*	23	12,368	16,211	
Guam	*	0	*	*	*	0	*	*	*	
Hawaii	*	*	1	*	70	*	2	1,662	2,208	
Idaho	206	#	*	290	66	*	65	1,856	2,506	
Illinois	854	1	10	3,194	352	44	127	14,816	19,398	
Indiana	470	#	3	1,410	424	47	67	7,027	9,449	
Iowa	262	#	*	518	296	*	63	3,285	4,455	
Kansas	187	#	*	541	270	*	55	3,126	4,199	
Kentucky	334	*	2	915	315	*	27	4,472	6,101	
Louisiana	345	*	3	946	208	*	22	5,284	6,866	
Maine	105	1	3	490	23	11	9	1,368	2,011	
Maryland	*	*	16	1,333	*	16	12	7,083	9,421	
Massachusetts	70	#	17	2,105	570	6	23	7,862	10,653	
Michigan	635	1	5	2,768	206	85	77	10,968	14,746	
Minnesota	427	1	*	1,340	301	*	58	6,112	8,273	
Mississippi	309	*	9	402	129	*	18	3,243	4,176	
Missouri	525	#	*	1,137	432	*	69	6,619	8,860	
Montana	91	*	2	249	45	*	35	1,097	1,537	
Nebraska	125	#	2	402	145	9	44	2,080	2,807	

Figure 36 - Continued
Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2021
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)

State	
ADSL	
SDSL	Other Wireline1	Cable Modem	
Fiber	
Satellite	Fixed Wireless	Mobile Wireless	
Total	
Nevada	154	#	5	*	108	*	42	3,473	4,644	
New Hampshire	54	#	*	515	45	*	4	1,455	2,082	
New Jersey	80	*	24	2,239	*	10	6	10,825	14,344	
New Mexico	219	#	4	424	53	19	38	2,300	3,056	
New York	205	1	36	5,116	1,994	44	24	24,243	31,662	
North Carolina	613	#	8	2,777	641	77	33	11,176	15,324	
North Dakota	27	*	1	172	110	*	4	804	1,121	
Northern Mariana Isl	*	0	0	*	*	0	*	*	*	
Ohio	771	*	8	3,156	453	*	85	12,970	17,491	
Oklahoma	317	#	2	667	232	50	63	4,275	5,605	
Oregon	208	#	14	1,141	241	31	41	4,628	6,304	
Pennsylvania	391	#	24	3,407	1,110	40	33	14,027	19,033	
Puerto Rico	*	0	2	*	80	*	55	3,389	4,139	
Rhode Island	*	*	*	*	*	*	1	*	1,689	
South Carolina	339	*	3	1,273	331	*	14	5,385	7,382	
South Dakota	34	*	#	200	86	*	12	891	1,229	
Tennessee	375	#	4	1,437	617	56	27	7,582	10,098	
Texas	1,569	1	*	5,620	2,193	*	355	34,188	44,154	
Utah	151	#	7	614	209	7	75	3,328	4,391	
Vermont	77	*	3	176	37	*	4	653	955	
Virgin Islands	*	0	0	*	*	*	*	87	123	
Virginia	206	#	20	1,747	1,071	80	40	9,753	12,917	
Washington	389	#	47	2,188	282	46	61	8,507	11,521	
West Virginia	*	*	1	394	16	30	9	1,701	2,314	
Wisconsin	488	*	3	*	239	*	59	5,912	8,208	
Wyoming	42	*	1	130	17	*	39	625	862	
Total	18,085	18	517	79,330	21,120	1,910	2,445	376,835	500,261	

1 PowerLine and Other are summarized with Other Wireline for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
# = Rounds to Zero.
* = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons.
Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

Figure 37
Percentage of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2021

Over 200 kbps Upstream and

State	% over 200 kbps Downstream	% at least 10 Mbps Downstream	% at least 25 Mbps Downstream	% at least 100 Mbps Downstream	% at least 940 Mbps Downstream	
Alabama	99.8	91.8	81.5	62.6	8.8	
Alaska	99.8	89.5	67.9	*	*	
American Samoa	*	*	*	*	*	
Arizona	99.8	94.6	86.3	60.2	11.6	
Arkansas	99.8	89.4	74.5	44.3	9.5	
California	99.8	95.1	88.6	70.5	10.0	
Colorado	99.9	95.7	88.2	66.4	14.9	
Connecticut	99.7	95.2	86.2	74.2	7.9	
Delaware	99.9	97.4	96.7	81.6	21.8	
District of Columbia	100.0	95.6	94.4	78.8	22.7	
Florida	99.8	96.7	91.6	71.4	7.9	
Georgia	99.6	93.7	86.4	65.5	13.8	
Guam	*	*	*	*	*	
Hawaii	100.0	96.1	*	*	*	
Idaho	99.9	90.0	70.2	49.9	6.7	
Illinois	99.8	94.4	86.7	64.2	8.4	
Indiana	99.6	92.5	83.3	60.1	8.6	
Iowa	99.4	91.2	79.1	54.1	9.7	
Kansas	99.8	93.1	81.5	55.6	14.3	
Kentucky	99.6	91.3	81.9	62.6	5.8	
Louisiana	99.8	92.4	82.0	56.3	9.9	
Maine	99.2	89.5	78.2	66.1	2.0	
Maryland	99.9	96.9	95.2	79.2	24.3	
Massachusetts	100.0	97.1	96.0	84.8	17.9	
Michigan	99.5	94.0	87.2	66.5	5.4	
Minnesota	99.8	93.8	84.5	62.1	7.9	
Mississippi	99.7	87.9	71.5	44.2	12.1	
Missouri	99.6	91.5	79.3	61.6	10.9	
Montana	99.9	90.7	76.0	55.9	2.3	
Nebraska	99.6	94.0	84.4	61.3	8.2	

Figure 37 - Continued
Percentage of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2021

Over 200 kbps Upstream and

State	% over 200 kbps Downstream	% at least 10 Mbps Downstream	% at least 25 Mbps Downstream	% at least 100 Mbps Downstream	% at least 940 Mbps Downstream	
Nevada	100.0	96.2	90.2	66.6	12.4	
New Hampshire	99.5	93.9	89.6	79.6	9.9	
New Jersey	99.8	97.8	96.3	85.5	22.4	
New Mexico	99.9	89.2	75.3	48.2	5.8	
New York	99.8	97.5	93.5	83.9	13.9	
North Carolina	99.4	93.4	86.1	72.8	8.1	
North Dakota	99.9	97.2	91.8	73.3	6.4	
Northern Mariana Isl	*	*	*	*	*	
Ohio	99.8	94.0	84.0	67.5	3.7	
Oklahoma	99.6	90.7	78.7	54.2	12.6	
Oregon	99.9	94.1	86.4	66.9	11.1	
Pennsylvania	99.8	94.3	91.2	73.1	15.7	
Puerto Rico	100.0	87.1	57.9	27.1	1.1	
Rhode Island	99.6	98.6	97.7	81.8	26.6	
South Carolina	99.8	94.6	86.0	70.7	5.8	
South Dakota	99.8	97.6	92.3	64.6	5.6	
Tennessee	99.7	94.4	87.5	68.0	13.0	
Texas	99.9	95.6	87.2	67.8	14.5	
Utah	100.0	95.4	86.9	65.5	15.4	
Vermont	99.4	85.5	74.7	60.8	9.6	
Virgin Islands	*	*	*	*	*	
Virginia	99.5	94.5	90.8	73.8	21.9	
Washington	99.8	94.2	87.0	69.7	14.3	
West Virginia	97.8	81.6	69.7	53.1	6.6	
Wisconsin	99.2	92.8	80.9	64.3	2.9	
Wyoming	99.9	92.3	82.6	55.1	1.5	
Total	99.7	94.5	87.2	68.7	11.4	

Source: FCC Form 477.						

Figure 38
Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2021
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)

State	
ADSL	
SDSL	Other Wireline1	Cable Modem	
Fiber	
Satellite	Fixed Wireless	Mobile Wireless	
Total	
Alabama	24	*	14	19	48	*	31	6	87	
Alaska	16	4	8	*	19	*	18	10	40	
American Samoa	0	0	0	*	*	0	*	*	*	
Arizona	21	*	18	16	51	*	56	6	104	
Arkansas	23	*	11	16	56	*	35	5	93	
California	31	14	43	34	93	4	135	5	223	
Colorado	*	7	19	17	81	*	75	9	144	
Connecticut	*	*	10	10	24	*	*	4	37	
Delaware	*	*	*	5	*	*	5	*	32	
District of Columbia	*	*	12	*	*	*	10	4	40	
Florida	17	*	26	19	80	*	46	6	126	
Georgia	26	4	*	27	92	*	32	5	123	
Guam	*	0	*	*	*	0	*	*	*	
Hawaii	*	*	9	*	12	*	9	5	25	
Idaho	24	4	*	18	42	*	42	8	75	
Illinois	49	7	33	22	103	4	98	6	184	
Indiana	36	4	24	15	84	4	74	4	135	
Iowa	67	12	*	41	185	*	92	5	238	
Kansas	28	6	*	24	76	*	79	9	136	
Kentucky	17	*	13	29	61	*	33	7	109	
Louisiana	13	*	16	16	40	*	28	6	77	
Maine	12	6	10	8	22	4	19	4	46	
Maryland	*	*	16	17	*	4	28	5	81	
Massachusetts	8	4	16	13	39	4	21	4	64	
Michigan	28	6	24	27	83	4	68	7	141	
Minnesota	37	7	*	22	93	*	66	5	138	
Mississippi	14	*	11	12	42	*	18	5	72	
Missouri	31	5	*	19	84	*	86	7	153	
Montana	18	*	12	8	40	*	40	6	70	
Nebraska	26	5	11	21	62	4	55	6	102	

Figure 38 - Continued
Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2021
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands)

State	
ADSL	
SDSL	Other Wireline1	Cable Modem	
Fiber	
Satellite	Fixed Wireless	Mobile Wireless	
Total	
Nevada	17	5	14	*	46	*	36	5	82	
New Hampshire	9	4	*	6	25	*	11	4	39	
New Jersey	10	*	22	10	*	4	12	4	65	
New Mexico	19	4	12	11	40	4	44	6	75	
New York	29	4	27	22	83	4	32	4	119	
North Carolina	21	4	20	26	64	4	36	6	103	
North Dakota	18	*	9	9	36	*	14	6	53	
Northern Mariana Isl	*	0	0	*	*	0	*	*	*	
Ohio	35	*	24	34	92	*	76	4	169	
Oklahoma	33	4	13	13	62	4	56	9	114	
Oregon	33	5	21	17	68	4	55	5	114	
Pennsylvania	22	5	23	28	71	4	44	7	135	
Puerto Rico	*	0	4	*	16	*	30	4	39	
Rhode Island	*	*	*	*	*	*	5	*	27	
South Carolina	18	*	14	16	44	*	19	6	67	
South Dakota	18	*	11	9	47	*	30	6	81	
Tennessee	20	4	20	20	80	4	39	6	122	
Texas	64	7	*	31	145	*	181	10	283	
Utah	21	4	17	12	40	4	40	8	74	
Vermont	8	*	8	4	23	*	12	5	37	
Virgin Islands	*	0	0	*	*	*	*	4	6	
Virginia	20	5	22	19	84	4	47	6	123	
Washington	23	5	30	27	80	4	59	6	123	
West Virginia	*	*	9	17	33	4	23	6	70	
Wisconsin	39	*	21	*	81	*	58	6	122	
Wyoming	14	*	8	7	27	*	24	8	52	
Total	638	102	203	362	1,477	6	1,383	63	2,392	

1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements.
# = Rounds to Zero.
* = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons.
Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477.

SECTION 4
SUMMARY STATISTICS: COUNTIES AND CENSUS TRACTS

Table of Contents

Figure 39	Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households
as of June 30, 2021	40
Figure 40	Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households by
Technology as of June 30, 2021	41
Figure 41	Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households
as of June 30, 2021	42
Figure 42	Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households by
Technology as of June 30, 2021	43
Figure 43	Percentage of Developed Census Blocks with Residential Fixed
Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2021	44
Figure 44	Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to
County Households by State as of June 30, 2021	45
Figure 45	Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections
to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2021	47

Figure 39
Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households as of June 30, 2021

Number of Counties
Median

3,234
0.84

535

526

504

432

400

264

205

132

98

41

47

3

12	13

20

1

1

14%
12%
10%

Percentage of Counties

8%
6%
4%
2%

0%
0	0.05	0.10	0.15	0.20	0.25	0.30	0.35	0.40	0.45	0.50	0.55	0.60	0.65	0.70	0.75	0.80	0.85	0.90	0.95	Max
Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households

Note: Ratios over 1 were set to 1. See Technical Notes at the end of the report Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010

Figure 40
Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households by Technology as of June 30, 2021

Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households

	Greater	Greater	Greater	Greater	Greater	Greater	Greater	Greater		
Greater	than 5	than 10	than 20	than 30	than 40	than 50	than 60	than 80		
than 0	and no	and no	and no	and no	and no	and no	and no	and no		
and no	more	more	more	more	more	more	more	more		
more	than	than	than	than	than	than	than	than	100%	
Technology	Zero	than 5%	10%	20%	30%	40%	50%	60%	80%	100%	or more	
aDSL	2.0	10.5	13.0	29.9	21.0	12.2	5.8	3.1	2.0	0.4	0.3	
sDSL	94.7	5.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	
Other Wireline1	94.4	5.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	
Cable Modem	11.1	5.4	5.0	10.6	12.4	10.9	11.8	11.4	16.9	3.5	1.0	
FTTP	8.1	38.4	13.4	15.0	7.8	5.1	3.8	2.6	3.6	1.9	0.2	
Satellite	0.4	65.0	21.4	11.0	1.6	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	
Fixed Wireless	2.8	63.8	15.8	10.8	3.9	1.8	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.1	
Total	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.8	1.9	4.5	31.9	51.6	9.2	

1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010.

Figure 41
Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households as of June 30, 2021

Number of Tracts	73,767
Median	0.90

15.0

12.5

Percentage of Tracts

10.0

7.5

5.0

2.5

0
0	0.10	0.20	0.30	0.40	0.50	0.60	0.70	0.80	0.90	1.00	1.10	1.20	1.30	1.40	1.50	1.60	1.70	1.80	1.90	Max
Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households

Note: Ratios over 2 were set to 2. See Technical Notes at the end of the report Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010

Figure 42
Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households by Technology as of June 30, 2021

Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households

	Greater	Greater	Greater	Greater	Greater	Greater	Greater	Greater		
Greater	than 5	than 10	than 20	than 30	than 40	than 50	than 60	than 80		
than 0	and no	and no	and no	and no	and no	and no	and no	and no		
and no	more	more	more	more	more	more	more	more		
more	than	than	than	than	than	than	than	than	100%	
Technology	Zero	than 5%	10%	20%	30%	40%	50%	60%	80%	100%	or more	
aDSL	5.6	29.5	16.3	24.6	13.7	5.1	2.4	1.3	1.0	0.2	0.2	
sDSL	99.3	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	
Other Wireline1	99.1	0.8	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	
Cable Modem	4.2	2.6	1.4	3.1	4.1	6.9	11.6	16.1	32.8	13.6	3.4	
FTTP	26.4	24.3	8.5	11.9	8.9	6.9	5.4	3.5	3.2	0.8	0.3	
Satellite	29.4	60.6	5.3	3.5	0.8	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	
Fixed Wireless	13.7	76.9	3.8	3.1	1.2	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1	
Total	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.4	0.7	1.3	2.6	20.0	51.5	22.5	

1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010.

Figure 43
Percentage of Developed Census Blocks with Residential Fixed Service by Technology as of June 30, 2021
(Internet Access Service over 200 kbps in at least one direction)

Number of Providers

Technology	
Zero	
One	
Two	
Three	
Four	
Five	
Six	Seven or More	
aDSL	24.1	74.0	1.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	
sDSL	99.6	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	
Other Wireline1	99.6	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	
Cable Modem	32.7	63.0	4.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	
FTTP	67.7	29.0	3.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	
Satellite	0.0	0.1	1.0	78.2	20.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	
Fixed Wireless	26.7	34.7	20.6	11.3	4.7	1.5	0.4	0.1	
aDSL and/or Cable Modem and/or FTTP	9.4	24.2	56.1	9.6	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	
Any Technology	0.0	0.1	0.0	2.6	9.7	21.1	27.1	39.3	

1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. The number of providers in a census block does not necessarily reflect the number of choices available to a particular household, and does not purport to measure competition. Providers may list a census block on FCC Form 477 if service can be provided to at least one location in the block. Developed census blocks are those with housing units based on the 2010 census.
Sources: FCC Form 477 and Census 2010.

Figure 44
Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of June 30, 2021
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)

Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households

State	Counties	Zero

Greater than 0 and no more than 5%

Greater than 5 and no more than 10%

Greater than 10 and no more than 20%

Greater than 20 and no more than 30%

Greater than 30 and no more than 40%

Greater than 40 and no more than 50%

Greater than 50 and no more than 60%

Greater than 60 and no more than 80%

Greater than 80 and no more than 100%

100% or more

Alabama	67	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	33	26	0	
Alaska	29	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	2	4	14	7	
American Samoa	5	2	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	1	0	0	
Arizona	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	11	1	
Arkansas	75	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	8	48	16	1	
California	58	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	48	7	
Colorado	64	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	1	14	28	18	
Connecticut	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	0	
Delaware	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	
District of Columbia	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	
Florida	67	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	14	28	23	
Georgia	159	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	11	66	63	14	
Guam	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	
Hawaii	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	3	
Idaho	44	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	13	19	9	
Illinois	102	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	6	52	41	1	
Indiana	92	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	45	46	0	
Iowa	99	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	38	60	1	
Kansas	105	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	47	53	3	
Kentucky	120	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	44	68	1	
Louisiana	64	0	0	0	0	0	2	3	6	32	21	0	
Maine	16	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	9	
Maryland	24	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	20	1	
Massachusetts	14	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	11	3	
Michigan	83	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	18	52	12	
Minnesota	87	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	10	68	8	
Mississippi	82	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	22	44	10	1	
Missouri	115	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	5	47	54	5	
Montana	56	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	14	34	8	
Nebraska	93	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	41	47	2	

Figure 44 - Continued
Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of June 30, 2021
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)

Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households

State	Counties	Zero

Greater than 0 and no more than 5%

Greater than 5 and no more than 10%

Greater than 10 and no more than 20%

Greater than 20 and no more than 30%

Greater than 30 and no more than 40%

Greater than 40 and no more than 50%

Greater than 50 and no more than 60%

Greater than 60 and no more than 80%

Greater than 80 and no more than 100%

100% or more

Nevada	17	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	3	10	1	
New Hampshire	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	
New Jersey	21	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	18	3	
New Mexico	33	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	10	16	6	
New York	62	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	4	47	10	
North Carolina	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	19	56	23	
North Dakota	53	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	41	7	
Northern Mariana Isl	4	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	0	0	0	
Ohio	88	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	22	63	1	
Oklahoma	77	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	9	46	18	0	
Oregon	36	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	9	22	4	
Pennsylvania	67	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	52	8	
Puerto Rico	78	0	0	0	0	1	15	17	19	24	2	0	
Rhode Island	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	2	
South Carolina	46	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	19	21	4	
South Dakota	66	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	13	51	1	
Tennessee	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	41	51	2	
Texas	254	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	15	96	118	24	
Utah	29	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	15	13	
Vermont	14	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	7	
Virgin Islands	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	0	
Virginia	134	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	6	42	72	9	
Washington	39	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	6	25	7	
West Virginia	55	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	21	28	4	
Wisconsin	72	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	52	12	
Wyoming	23	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	16	4	
Total	3,234	3	0	0	0	2	25	61	145	1033	1669	296	

Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report.
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2010 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands).

Figure 45
Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2021
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)

Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households

State	Tracts	Zero

Greater than 0 and no more than 5%

Greater than 5 and no more than 10%

Greater than 10 and no more than 20%

Greater than 20 and no more than 30%

Greater than 30 and no more than 40%

Greater than 40 and no more than 50%

Greater than 50 and no more than 60%

Greater than 60 and no more than 80%

Greater than 80 and no more than 100%

100% or more

Alabama	1,179	0	0	1	0	4	19	45	88	366	507	149	
Alaska	167	1	0	0	2	2	4	2	10	31	82	33	
American Samoa	18	2	0	0	0	0	3	6	4	1	1	1	
Arizona	1,526	9	1	3	6	7	16	16	41	298	696	433	
Arkansas	686	1	0	0	0	1	8	38	66	274	240	58	
California	8,036	48	12	1	10	12	21	45	76	804	4,759	2,248	
Colorado	1,249	9	0	0	2	1	3	8	19	138	687	382	
Connecticut	829	3	0	0	1	0	0	1	3	76	452	293	
Delaware	215	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	30	108	75	
District of Columbia	179	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	6	31	101	39	
Florida	4,199	30	3	3	3	6	9	20	73	529	1,759	1,764	
Georgia	1,964	6	0	2	1	5	13	28	77	458	901	473	
Guam	56	8	10	1	4	2	1	5	6	2	6	11	
Hawaii	326	9	1	0	2	0	2	2	2	32	137	139	
Idaho	298	0	0	0	0	2	2	3	14	68	149	60	
Illinois	3,121	4	0	0	4	5	16	42	98	871	1,712	369	
Indiana	1,508	5	1	0	4	0	7	18	56	438	780	199	
Iowa	825	3	0	0	0	1	1	6	17	310	429	58	
Kansas	770	6	0	1	1	4	3	7	25	223	387	113	
Kentucky	1,115	5	0	3	1	3	8	22	35	309	578	151	
Louisiana	1,136	8	1	1	6	3	13	40	81	366	457	160	
Maine	351	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	28	175	147	
Maryland	1,394	6	1	1	1	2	3	11	15	194	780	380	
Massachusetts	1,471	12	1	2	1	0	6	5	11	206	872	355	
Michigan	2,767	24	2	1	9	12	23	33	75	552	1,539	497	
Minnesota	1,335	4	0	0	0	0	4	4	15	278	820	210	
Mississippi	661	4	0	0	1	4	12	37	104	233	211	55	
Missouri	1,393	2	0	0	4	5	12	31	62	396	684	197	
Montana	271	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	5	64	149	50	
Nebraska	532	2	0	1	1	0	0	2	7	148	305	66	

Figure 45 - Continued
Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2021
(Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)

Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households

State	Tracts	Zero

Greater than 0 and no more than 5%

Greater than 5 and no more than 10%

Greater than 10 and no more than 20%

Greater than 20 and no more than 30%

Greater than 30 and no more than 40%

Greater than 40 and no more than 50%

Greater than 50 and no more than 60%

Greater than 60 and no more than 80%

Greater than 80 and no more than 100%

100% or more

Nevada	683	4	0	1	0	0	0	11	11	95	339	222	
New Hampshire	294	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	7	142	142	
New Jersey	2,004	9	1	0	2	3	6	9	13	249	1,135	577	
New Mexico	499	1	0	1	4	2	10	8	18	141	225	89	
New York	4,900	70	2	5	21	13	18	22	55	1,057	2,636	1,001	
North Carolina	2,183	15	1	0	1	4	9	17	29	361	1,037	709	
North Dakota	205	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	50	118	34	
Northern Mariana Isl	22	2	0	0	0	1	6	4	2	3	3	1	
Ohio	2,946	5	0	0	5	4	14	25	59	653	1,783	398	
Oklahoma	1,046	0	3	1	3	9	20	48	87	369	395	111	
Oregon	827	2	1	0	0	2	0	7	6	102	511	196	
Pennsylvania	3,217	18	2	3	4	4	8	14	45	610	1,962	547	
Puerto Rico	903	14	8	38	133	123	126	116	82	81	49	133	
Rhode Island	241	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	2	23	151	63	
South Carolina	1,097	9	0	0	1	6	7	14	51	271	437	301	
South Dakota	222	0	0	0	2	0	0	2	4	54	134	26	
Tennessee	1,497	12	1	0	1	2	9	26	39	432	751	224	
Texas	5,253	31	3	1	7	11	24	68	207	1,350	2,359	1,192	
Utah	588	1	2	0	1	1	1	5	6	74	301	196	
Vermont	184	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	4	99	77	
Virgin Islands	29	0	0	0	1	0	3	1	4	12	5	3	
Virginia	1,895	17	3	1	2	6	18	34	56	358	992	408	
Washington	1,446	2	0	1	1	2	2	4	8	114	858	454	
West Virginia	484	0	1	3	4	10	5	13	31	163	182	72	
Wisconsin	1,393	3	1	0	1	1	2	5	10	339	825	206	
Wyoming	132	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	2	18	80	29	
Total	73,767	432	62	78	260	285	499	936	1,923	14,744	37,972	16,576	

Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding.  See Technical Notes at the end of the report.
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2010 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands).

SECTION 5
CORRELATED RESULTS: DEMOGRAPHIC MEASURES

Table of Contents

Figure 46	Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles
as of June 30, 2021	50
Figure 47	Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles
as of June 30, 2021	51
Figure 48	Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with
a College Degree (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2021	52
Figure 49	Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population
(in Deciles) as of June 30, 2021	53
Figure 50	Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density
as of June 30, 2021	54
Figure 51	Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density
as of June 30, 2021	55

Figure 46
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of June 30, 2021

Subscribership Ratio Average	0.68
Median	0.69
1.0

0.75
0.75

0.79
0.79

0.81
0.81

0.81
0.82

0.82
0.83

0.84
0.85

0.86
0.87

Max

0.89
0.90

0.93
0.94

Q3
0.9
Median

0.8	Q1

0.7

Subscribership Ratio

0.6

0.5

0.4

Min

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Lower Income	Median Household Income by Decile	Higher Income

Figure 47
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of June 30, 2021

Subscribership Ratio
Average	0.83
Median	0.85
1.0

0.82
0.83

0.77
0.78

0.77
0.78

0.77
0.79

0.80
0.80

0.83
0.83

0.85
0.85

Max

0.87
0.89

0.86
0.91

0.9

0.8

Q3

Median Q1

0.7

Subscribership Ratio

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3	Min

0.2

0.1

0

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Lower Density	County Household Density by Decile	Higher Density

Figure 48
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2021

Subscribership Ratio
Average	0.71
Median	0.72
1.0

0.74
0.76

0.77
0.78

0.79
0.81

0.82
0.82

0.80
0.83

0.85
0.86

0.86
0.87

Max

0.90
0.91

0.93
0.94

Q3
0.9
Median

0.8	Q1

0.7

Subscribership Ratio

0.6

0.5

Min

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Lower Share	County Share of College Graduates by Decile	Higher Share

Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the share decile. Some of the features are labeled
but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and  is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1.
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year Estimates; Census 2010

Figure 49
Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2021

Subscribership Ratio
Average	0.85
Median	0.87
1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

Subscribership Ratio

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.85
0.86

0.81
0.84

0.79
0.82

0.79
0.81

0.80
0.82

0.79
0.81

0.79
0.81

Max

Q3

Median

Q1

0.81
0.84

	

		

0.88
0.92

0.3

Min

0.2

0.1

0

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Lower Average Age	County Average Age by Decile	Higher Average Age

Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the average age decile. Some of the features are labeled but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and  is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1.
Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year Estimates; Census 2010

Figure 50
Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density as of June 30, 2021 (Residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)

100

90

Percentage of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Lowest Density

aDSL	 Cable Modem	 FTTP	 Satellite	 Fixed Wireless

Highest Density

This chart shows subscribership ratios by technology and household density. Tracts were grouped into 100 density percentiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of estimated tract households to tract land area from the Census Bureau. For each percentile, the height of the bar represents the household-weighted average ratio of residential fixed connections to households across tracts in the percentile.

Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010

Figure 51
Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of June 30, 2021 (Residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction by Tract)

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

Richest

Highest Density

Poorest
Lowest Density

This chart shows subscribership ratios by household density and income quantiles. Tracts were grouped into 400 density/income quantiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of estimated tract households to tract land area, and median household income. For each quantile, the height of the grid represents the household-weighted average ratio of
residential fixed connections to households across tracts in the decile.

Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010

Technical Notes

General

The information presented in this report is based on data from FCC Form 477. Through FCC Form 477, facilities-based broadband providers submit information to the FCC about where they offer and have subscribers to Internet access services over 200 kilobits per second (kbps) in at least one direction. In June 2013, the Commission adopted several changes to FCC Form 477.9 Detailed information about those changes and about the FCC Form 477 reporting requirements in general is available at www.fcc.gov/form477.

In March 2020, Congress passed the Broadband Data Act which required the Commission to collect broadband availability data at a more granular level than what was historically reported through FCC Form 477.10 As a result, starting in June 2022, broadband availability data have been collected through the Broadband Data Collection (BDC) while subscription data continues to be reported through FCC Form 477. To ensure consistency across the two data collections, several minor changes were made to the FCC Form 477 reporting requirements beginning with filings as of June 30, 2022. Complete reporting requirements for both, the BDC and FCC Form 477, can be found here: www.fcc.gov/BroadbandData/filers. The inaugural BDC filing window for data as of June 30, 2022 was closed on September 1, 2022. Subscription data collected as part of the BDC will be incorporated into this report beginning with the June 30, 2022 edition.

FCC Form 477 collects information about Internet access connections in service to end-user locations that are advertised to deliver information to and/or from the end user – that is, in at least one direction – at transfer rates (speeds) above 200 kilobits per second (kbps). Information is collected about the number of connections by the advertised speeds associated with each product subscribed to in the relevant geographic area, census tracts for fixed and states for mobile. Fixed providers report connections by the maximum advertised upload and download speeds, while mobile providers report connections by minimum advertised upload and download speeds. Fixed connections are further categorized by the technology employed by the part of the connection that terminates at the end-user location. Wherever a number of providers is cited in this report, multiple FCC Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider.

“End users” are residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based providers report information about connections they provide directly to their own end-user customers and also connections that they provide to Internet Service Providers for resale to end users. For FCC Form 477 purposes, the facilities-based provider of a connection is the entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at

9 Modernizing the FCC Form 477 Data Program, WC Docket No. 11-10, Report and Order, 28 FCC Rcd 9887 (2013). See also High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2014 (March 2016) at 1-2, available at https://www.fcc.gov/reports-research/reports/internet-access-services-reports/internet-access-services- reports.
10 Broadband Deployment Accuracy and Technological Availability Act, Pub. L. No. 116-130, 134 Stat. 228 (2020) (codified at 47 U.S.C. §§ 641-646) (Broadband DATA Act or Act).

the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis.

The mutually exclusive FCC Form 477 technology categories are: asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (aDSL in this report); symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (sDSL); other copper wireline; cable modem; optical carrier / fiber to the end user; satellite; terrestrial fixed wireless (using licensed or unlicensed spectrum); mobile wireless; and all other (which is included to capture deployment of additional technologies over time). In the FCC Form 477 data collection, aDSL-based services delivered over fiber-to-the-node architecture are reported in the aDSL category. The other wireline category comprises T1/DS1, T3/DS3, and other copper-based connections, not elsewhere categorized, that deliver Internet access service at the end-user location. Ethernet connections delivering Internet access service are reported in the other wireline category if the connection terminates over copper and in the FTTP category if the connection terminates over fiber. Connections deployed over hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) architecture are reported in the cable modem category. Wireless ISPs (WISPs) report in the fixed wireless category if providing service to dispersed, fixed end-user locations and report in the mobile wireless category if providing a commercial service that can be received at any location within a service footprint. Wireless local area networks (such as Wi-Fi hotspots) that only enable local distribution and sharing of a premises connection are not included, although the shared premises connection is included.

Numbers of connections presented in this report are not adjusted for the number of persons at a single end-user location who have access to, or who use, the Internet access services delivered over the connection to that location.

Numbers of residential connections are estimated based on the total connections and percentage- residential connections information reported on FCC Form 477.

Census tracts

Since the collection of data as of December 31, 2008, facilities-based providers of reportable fixed-location Internet access connections have been reporting connection counts at the census tract level of detail. Facilities-based mobile wireless providers report connection counts by state rather than census tract.

The census tract-level data summarized in this report were collected for tracts in the 2010 decennial census. For the purposes of this report, there are 73,767 census tracts because we exclude census tracts delineated specifically to cover large bodies of water.

About 110 of the census tracts have population but no households because the population resides in group living quarters. For the purpose of estimating residential subscribership rates by census tract, we assume these census tracts have no reportable residential Internet access service because persons residing in group quarters would have Internet access over a business connection provided to the operator of the group quarters. Therefore, these census tracts are included in the “zero” column.

Ratios of residential fixed-location connections to households that exceed 100%

We estimate the share of households with fixed-location connections in individual census tracts by taking the ratio of the reported number of fixed-location residential service connections to the estimated number of households. We continue to find “outlier” estimates at or above 100% and to find that the number of outliers is substantially reduced when estimates are made for individual counties rather than for individual census tracts.

Possible explanations of ratios at or above 100% include: (1) geocoding misallocations of service locations to census tracts; (2) proper allocation of connections to the county level by some filers, but improper allocation of all connections to a single tract in the county; (3) possible overestimation of residential connections in service plans for which the customer base is primarily residential; and (4) connections at seasonally or occasionally occupied housing units, such as vacation homes, while the household is counted elsewhere. The numbers of households in census tracts that were used to generate the estimated ratios are themselves estimates (from Census 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates), which could have an independent effect.

Maps showing residential subscribership rates by census tract

The two maps based on estimated Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction per 1,000 households (that is, estimated household subscribership rates) exclude all connections identified as business connections and necessarily exclude residential mobile wireless connections (which are reported for the state but not for individual census tracts).

Glossary

Term	Definition	
aDSL	Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line: A digital local loop typically using copper facilities and providing greater bandwidth in one direction than the other.	
Cable modem service	A service which offers customers access to the Internet over a cable system.	
Downstream speed	Speed of transmission from the Internet to the end user.	
End users	Residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities.	
Facilities-based provider	Entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis.	
Fixed wireless	A radio communication service between specified fixed points.	
Fixed technologies	All technologies other than terrestrial mobile wireless.	
FTTH or FTTP	Fiber to the Home (Premises): A network access architecture in which optical fiber is deployed all the way to the customer’s home (premises).	
Internet access service	Service that provides end users access to the Internet.	
ISPs	Internet Service Providers: Companies or organizations that provide Internet access service (see above).	
Mobile wireless service	A radio communication service between mobile and fixed stations, or between mobile stations.	
Mobile wireless provider	Provider of mobile wireless service (see above).	
Other wireline	All copper-wire based technologies other than DSL technologies; Ethernet over copper and T-1 are examples.	
Power line	Internet access service delivered over electric power transmission lines.	
Satellite communications	A telecommunications service provided via one or more satellite relays and their associated uplinks and downlinks.	
sDSL	Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line: DSL technology that provides equal bandwidth for both uploads and downloads.	
Speed tiers	Sub-groupings defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream speeds.	

Upstream speed	Speed of transmission from the end user to the Internet.	
Wi-Fi hotspot	Wireless Fidelity: Generic term referring to any type of IEEE
802.11 wireless network. A hotspot is a small geographic area in which users can gain access to a Wi-Fi network which in turn connects to the Internet.	
Wireless service	Telephone, Internet, data, and other services provided to customers through the transmission of signals over networks of radio towers.	
Wireless service provider	Provider of wireless service (see above).	
WISP	Wireless ISP: A company that provides end users with wireless access to the Internet, most commonly by using radio spectrum designated for unlicensed use.